Bernard Reder (29 June 1897 – 7 September 1963) was an artist, sculptor, etcher, engraver and architect, born in Czernowitz, Bukovina, (Chernivtsi, Bokovina) part of Austria before World War II and a centre of Jewish and Hasidic culture. His subjects were drawn from Jewish folklore, from Greek mythology, the Bible, and also from François Rabelais.
Bernard Reder | |
|---|---|
| Born | 29 June 1897[1] |
| Died | 7 September 1963[2] |
| Occupation(s) | Artist, sculptor, etcher, engraver and architect |
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Reder is quoted as having said, "We were born already drunk with fantasy", referring to his early life in Bukovina. The son of a Jewish innkeeper, at 17 he was conscripted into the Austrian army and spent World War I in the trenches.[3] He went on to study at the Academy of Fine Arts in Prague. While working on his sculptures in his spare time, he supported himself by carving cemetery monuments.[4] He moved to Prague in 1930 because of anti-Semitic demonstrations. In 1935 Reder had his first solo exhibition at the gallery of Manes, an association of artists in Prague. This exhibition created a sensation and was widely published by newspapers in Prague, Paris, Wienna and Basel. Most sculptures were sold.[5]
Two years later, in 1937, he moved to Paris and became a good friend of the sculptor and painter Aristide Maillol. In 1940 he exhibited at the Wildenstein Gallery in Paris. Later that year, Reder was forced to flee Paris to escape from the Nazis, and Maillol secured a passage for him and his wife to travel to Spain, where he was imprisoned for illegal entry.[3] On his release, they travelled to Havana, Cuba, where Reder influenced many artists.
All the works in his Paris studio were later destroyed by the Germans. Reder arrived in New York City in 1943, but in 1945 he became partially paralysed by a serious illness, and concentrated more on woodcuts and drawings.[4] He became an American citizen in 1948.
Rader exhibited at the 3rd Sculpture International held in Philadelphia in 1949 and is one of the sculptors in the 70 Sculptors photograph taken there.
He was shown regularly at the Whitney Museum and was shown at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in 1949. In 1954, Reder went to Italy to sculpt in Rome and Florence. In 1956, he was given a one-man exhibition at The Galleria d'Arte Moderno L'Indiano, Florence, which received much attention and acclaim from art historian John Rewald. In 1961 he was given a solo one-man retrospective exhibition show at the Whitney Museum and for the first time in its history the museum devoted three of its floors to a single artist.[6]
Bernard Reder died in 1963 in New York.[7] His last four years were very productive, producing over thirty-five bronze sculptures. He created many of these directly in wax using a lost-wax casting technique he had learned in Italy.[8]
Galleries
editReder's works are currently held in many collections, including the following:[9]
- Whitney Museum of American Art
- Museum of Modern Art
- National Gallery of Art
- Brooklyn Museum
- New York Public Library
- Art Institute of Chicago
- Museu d'Arte Moderna in São Paulo, Brazil
- Hofstra University, Long Island, New York
References
edit- ^ Amory, Cleveland (1963). Celebrity register: an irreverent compendium of American quotable notables. Harper & Row. p. 512. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
- ^ McDannald, Alexander Hopkins (1964). Yearbook of the Encyclopedia Americana. Americana corporation. p. 509.
- ^ a b "Art: Hewn out of Wax". Time. 1 September 1961. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved 1 October 2009.
- ^ a b "Artists N–Z". The New York Public Library. Archived from the original on 13 June 2009. Retrieved 29 September 2009.
- ^ John I.H. Baur: Bernard Reder, 1961, kat. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, p. 112
- ^ Flora Miller Biddle (1999). The Whitney Women and the Museum They Made: A Family Memoir (page 88). Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55970-594-3. Retrieved 28 September 2009.
- ^ Bernard Reder (1964). In memoriam Bernard Reder, 1897-1963: an exhibition of sculpture and graphic works. The Galleries. Retrieved 29 September 2009.
- ^ Marks, Claude (1984). World artists, 1950-1980: an H.W. Wilson biographical dictionary, Issue 6489. H.W. Wilson. p. 718. ISBN 0-8242-0707-6. Retrieved 29 September 2009.
- ^ "Bernard Reder (1897-1963)". Masterpiece Solutions. 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
External links
edit- "Bernard Reder". Information Center for Israeli Art. Israel Museum. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
- Bernard Reder collection at the Israel Museum. Retrieved 1 February 2012.