Beta-synuclein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNCB gene .[ 5] [ 6] [ 7]
The protein encoded by this gene is highly homologous to alpha-synuclein . These proteins are abundantly expressed in the brain and putatively inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. The encoded protein, which may play a role in neuronal plasticity, is abundant in neurofibrillary lesions of patients with Alzheimer's disease . This protein has been shown to be highly expressed in the substantia nigra of the brain, a region of neuronal degeneration in patients with Parkinson's disease ; however, no direct relation to Parkinson's disease has been established. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.[ 7]
Beta-synuclein is a synuclein protein found primarily in brain tissue and is seen mainly in presynaptic terminals. Beta-synuclein is predominantly expressed in the neocortex , hippocampus , striatum , thalamus , and cerebellum . It is not found in Lewy bodies , but it is associated with hippocampal pathology in PD and DLB .[ 8]
Beta-synuclein is suggested to be an inhibitor of alpha-synuclein aggregation, which occurs in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease . Thus, beta-synuclein may protect the central nervous system from the neurotoxic effects of alpha-synuclein and provide a novel treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.[ 9] [ 10]
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