The Betsie River (/bɛtsiː/ BET-see) is a 54.0-mile-long (86.9 km)[2] river in the U.S. state of Michigan. The river is located in the northwestern Lower Peninsula of the state, flowing into Lake Michigan at Frankfort. The river's course is mostly within Benzie County, (which takes its name from a variant pronunciation of the river), although the river rises in western Grand Traverse County and flows briefly through northern Manistee County.
| Betsie River | |
|---|---|
 Mouth of the Betsie River at Lake Michigan, in Frankfort | |
  Location of mouth | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Green Lake near Interlochen |
| • coordinates | 44°35′31″N 85°47′40″W / 44.5919459°N 85.794522°W[1] |
| Mouth | |
• location | Lake Michigan at Frankfort |
• coordinates | 44°37′45″N 86°14′45″W / 44.6291652°N 86.2459287°W[1] |
| Length | 54 mi (87 km) |
The river widens to form Betsie Lake before emptying into Lake Michigan between Frankfort and Elberta. The Betsie River is a part of Michigan's Natural Rivers Program.[3]
Etymology
editThe name is derived from the French la rivière aux Bec-scies, meaning river of sawbill ducks (bec-scie). A corruption of this pronunciation led to the name of Benzie County. Other alternate historical names include the following:[1]
- Aug-sig-o-sebe
- Aux Buscies River
- Betsey's River
- Benzie River
- Black Robe River
- Gay-she-say-ing
- Riviere du Pere Marquette
- Sawbill Ducks River
- Shelldrake Ducks River
Course
editWhile most sources indicate the river rises as the outflow of Green Lake in southwestern Grand Traverse County, some consider it navigable immediately south of US-31 from Tullers Lake into Green Lake. Another tributary of the river flows directly out of northern Duck Lake and into northern Green Lake, connecting with the aforementioned Tullers Lake Outlet. Although not considered part of the Betsie River today, older maps of the area do say so.[4] Green Lake straddles the boundary between Grant Township on the south and Green Lake Township on the north between Karlin and Interlochen. Several nearby lakes, including Duck Lake and its tributaries, drain into Green Lake.
The river winds southwesterly from Green Lake into eastern Benzie County, and then briefly into northern Manistee County before turning northerly back into Benzie County. A dam on the river forms Homestead Pond, after which is flows mostly west and slightly north to Lake Michigan.
Drainage basin
editThe Betsie River drains an area of approximately 155,026 acres (627.37 km2)[5] in three counties. The drainage basin include about 93 miles (150 km) of linear stream, 52 miles (84 km) of which is part of the mainstream.[6]
Dams
edit- Homestead Dam 44°35′48″N 86°04′48″W / 44.59667°N 86.08000°W[7] was mostly removed in 1974 and currently acts as a lamprey barrier. It impounds little water and does not impede salmon migrations.[5] The remains of the dam are now sometimes called "Homestead Falls".[8] The dam was a power generating facility formerly owned by Consumers Energy.[6]
- Grass Lake Dam, approximately 4 miles (6 km) downstream from Green Lake, forms an approximately 90-acre (36 ha) impoundment. The dam was constructed in 1951 to improve waterfowl habitat and northern pike fishing.[5] The dam was installed by the state Wildlife Division and created a 482 acres (195 ha) waterfowl flooding.[6]
- Thompsonville Dam was an old power dam[6] that failed in the spring of 1989 and was subsequently removed. Prior to its removal, the dam posed a barrier to salmon migration. Salmon and trout have access to the entire mainstream of the river, even above the Grass Lake Dam.[5]
Bridges
editBelow is a list of public crossings of the Betsie River:
Tributaries
edit- Betsie Lake 44°37′42″N 86°13′47″W / 44.62833°N 86.22972°W[9]
- Crystal Lake Outlet 44°37′32″N 86°08′18″W / 44.62556°N 86.13833°W[10]
- Rice Creek 44°36′19″N 86°06′51″W / 44.60528°N 86.11417°W[12]
- Dair Creek 44°33′05″N 86°03′15″W / 44.55139°N 86.05417°W[13]
- Little Betsie River 44°32′01″N 85°56′44″W / 44.53361°N 85.94556°W[14]
- Pickerel Creek 44°35′29″N 85°50′25″W / 44.59139°N 85.84028°W[15]
- Twin Lake 44°34′19″N 85°49′46″W / 44.57194°N 85.82944°W[16]
- Upper Twin Lake 44°34′19″N 85°49′17″W / 44.57194°N 85.82139°W[17]
- Grass Lake 44°36′30″N 85°51′03″W / 44.60833°N 85.85083°W[18]
- Mud Lake 44°34′31″N 85°47′55″W / 44.57528°N 85.79861°W[19]
- Green Lake 44°36′41″N 85°47′03″W / 44.61139°N 85.78417°W[20]
- Bridge Lake 44°38′21″N 85°47′07″W / 44.63917°N 85.78528°W[21]
- Tullers Lake 44°39′15″N 85°46′43″W / 44.65417°N 85.77861°W[22]
- Cedar Hedge Lake 44°40′12″N 85°47′04″W / 44.67000°N 85.78444°W[23]
- Mud Lake 44°38′36″N 85°45′28″W / 44.64333°N 85.75778°W[24]
- Duck Lake 44°37′53″N 85°44′42″W / 44.63139°N 85.74500°W[25]
- Horton Creek
- Brigham Creek 44°37′18″N 85°43′42″W / 44.62167°N 85.72833°W[26]
- Mason Creek 44°37′51″N 85°43′26″W / 44.63083°N 85.72389°W[27]
- Weidenhamer Swamp 44°37′35″N 85°36′10″W / 44.62639°N 85.60278°W[28]
- Tonawanda Lake 44°39′03″N 85°45′07″W / 44.65083°N 85.75194°W[29]
- Ellis Lake 44°39′47″N 85°44′54″W / 44.66306°N 85.74833°W[30]
- Saunders Lake 44°40′17″N 85°43′56″W / 44.67139°N 85.73222°W[31]
- Ellis Lake 44°39′47″N 85°44′54″W / 44.66306°N 85.74833°W[30]
Notes
edit- ^ a b c U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Betsie River
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map Archived 2012-03-29 at the Wayback Machine, accessed November 21, 2011
- ^ Betsie River, Michigan Department of Natural Resources
- ^ LLC, Historic Map Works. "Blair - Left, Atlas: Grand Traverse County 1881, Michigan Historical Map". www.historicmapworks.com. Retrieved 2019-08-12.
- ^ a b c d Betsi River, Mark A. Tonello, "Status of the Fishery Resource Report, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, No. 2004-3, 2004
- ^ a b c d Betsie River Natural River Plan, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, July 1973, revised March 12, 2002
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Homestead Dam
- ^ The Betsie River, Hanmer's Canoe Trips
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Betsie Lake
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Crystal Lake Outlet
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Cold Creek
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Rice Creek
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Dair Creek
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Little Betsie River
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Pickerel Creek
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Twin Lake
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Upper Twin Lake
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Grass Lake
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Mud Lake
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Green Lake
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Bridge Lake
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Tullers Lake
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Cedar Hedge Lake
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Mud Lake
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Duck Lake
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Brigham Creek
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Mason Creek
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Weidenhamer Swamp
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Tonawanda Lake
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Ellis Lake
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Saunders Lake