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Demographics of Pakistan

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This article is about the demographic features of the population of Pakistan. For a general overview of the citizens of Pakistan, see Pakistanis.

Pakistan had a population of 241,495,112 according to the final results of the 2023 Census.[3][4][5] This figure includes Pakistan's four provinces e.g. Punjab, Sindh, KPK, Balochistan and Islamabad Capital Territory. AJK and Gilgit-Baltistan's census data is yet to be approved by CCI Council of Pakistan. Pakistan is the world's fifth most populous country.[2]

Demographics of Pakistan
Population pyramid of Pakistan as of July 1, 2021
Population241,492,197 (2023 census)
Density260.8/km2 (675/sq mi)
248.9/km2 (645/sq mi) (including AJK and GB)
Growth rateIncrease 1.85% (2021 est.)[1]
Birth rate22.5 births / 1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate7.2 deaths / 1,000 population (2021 est.)[1]
Life expectancy69.1 years (2022 est.)[1]
 • male66.8 years (2022 est.)[1]
 • female71.6 years (2022 est.)[1]
Fertility rate3.32 children born / woman (2024 est.)[1]
Net migration rate−2.0 migrants / 1,000 population (2021 est.)[1]
Age structure
0–14 years37.2% (2020)[2]
15–64 years58.6% (2020)[2]
65 and over4.2% (2020)[2]
Nationality
Nationalitynoun: Pakistani
Major ethnicSee Ethnic groups of Pakistan
Language
SpokenSee Languages of Pakistan

Between 1951 and 2017, Pakistan's population expanded over sixfold, going from 33.7 million to 207.7 million. The country has a relatively high, although declining, growth rate supported by high birth rates and low death rates. Between 1998 and 2017, the average annual population growth rate stood at +2.40%.

Dramatic social changes have led to urbanization and the emergence of two megacities: Karachi and Lahore. The country's urban population more than tripled between 1981 and 2017 (from 23.8 million to 75.7 million), as Pakistan's urbanisation rate rose from 28.2% to 36.4%. Even with this, the nation's urbanisation rate remains one of the lowest in the world, and in 2017, over 130 million Pakistanis (making up nearly 65% of the population) lived in rural areas.

Due to a high fertility rate, which was estimated at 3.5 in 2022, Pakistan has one of the world's youngest populations. The 2017 census recorded that 40.3% of the country's population was under the age of 15, while only 3.7% of Pakistanis were aged 65 or more.[6] The median age of the country was 19,[6] while its sex ratio was recorded to be 105 males per 100 females.[3]

The demographic history of Pakistan from the ancient Indus Valley civilization to the modern era includes the arrival and settlement of many cultures and ethnic groups in the modern region of Pakistan from Eurasia and the nearby Middle East. Because of this, Pakistan has a multicultural, multilinguistic, and multiethnic society. Despite Urdu being Pakistan's lingua franca, estimates on how many languages are spoken in the country range from 75 to 85,[7][8] and in 2023, the country's three largest ethnolinguistic groups were the Punjabis (making up 36.98% of the total population), the Pashtuns (18.15%), and the Sindhis (14.31%).[9] Pakistan is also thought to have the world's fourth-largest refugee population, estimated at 1.4 million in mid-2021 by the UNHCR.[10]

Population

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Main article: Census in Pakistan
Historical Population of Pakistan (four provinces and Islamabad)
YearPop.±% p.a.
1951 33,740,167—    
1961 42,880,378+2.43%
1972 65,309,340+3.90%
1981 84,253,644+2.87%
1998 132,352,279+2.69%
2017 207,684,626+2.40%
2023 241,492,917+2.55%
Source: [3][11]

The 2017 census recorded a population of 207,684,626 living in Pakistan's four provinces and the Islamabad Capital Territory.[3] The census also reported that Azad Kashmir's population stood at 4,045,367[4] and Gilgit-Baltistan's population was 1,492,924.[5] This meant that the total population of Pakistan in 2017 was 213,222,917.

The statistics in the graphs below were created by the United Nations in July 2022,[2] and are covered in more detail in the following section. This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.For years, the country with a population exceeding 230 million has been grappling to achieve economic stability. The people of Pakistan are living in a precarious situation, with an uncertain future in the country.[12]

 
Population Density per square kilometre of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census
 
Population of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census

Estimates from the United Nations

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In July 2022, the United Nations published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a bi annually-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. They prepared estimates of Pakistan's population for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades.[2] This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.

Projections are highlighted in light yellow, and future figures are taken from the medium fertility variant.

Year Population % Population
aged 0 to 14 		% Population
aged 15 to 64 		% Population
aged 65 or more
1950 37,696,264 40.5% 54.0% 5.5%
1955 40.3% 55.3% 4.4%
1960 45,954,226 40.6% 55.6% 3.7%
1965 51,841,626 42.3% 54.4% 3.4%
1970 59,290,872 43.7% 53.0% 3.3%
1975 68,126,999 43.9% 52.8% 3.4%
1980 80,624,057 43.0% 53.5% 3.4%
1985 97,121,552 43.0% 53.5% 3.5%
1990 115,414,069 43.7% 52.8% 3.5%
1995 133,117,476 44.4% 52.1% 3.5%
2000 154,369,924 42.9% 53.6% 3.5%
2005 174,372,098 41.1% 55.4% 3.5%
2010 194,454,498 39.2% 57.0% 3.7%
2015 210,969,298 38.4% 57.7% 3.9%
2020 227,196,741 37.3% 58.6% 4.2%
2025 249,948,885 35.3% 60.2% 4.5%
2030 274,029,836 33.2% 61.9% 4.9%
2035 298,432,780 31.7% 63.1% 5.2%
2040 322,595,767 29.5% 64.8% 5.7%
2045 345,818,945 28.1% 65.8% 6.2%
2050 367,808,468 26.6% 66.5% 6.9%

Structure of population

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Median Age of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census

The table below shows Pakistan's population structure by five-year age group and sex using data from the 2023 census.[6] The country's population structure is relatively young, with a median age of 19. With low death rates and a declining birth rate, the country is in the third stage of its Demographic transition. In 2017, Pakistan's sex ratio stood at 105 males per 100 females,[3] which is much more balanced than South Asia as a whole.

The statistics below do not contain Azad Kashmir or Gilgit-Baltistan, which disseminate their census data separately from Pakistan's four provinces and Islamabad.

Age Group Male Female Total Sex ratio Percent
Total 123,824,681 116,613,077 240,458,089 106.12 100.0%
0 – 4 18,744,989 17,726,432 36,471,421 105.1 14.0%
5 – 9 16,566,852 15,705,284 32,272,136 108.8 14.5%
10 – 14 14,971,914 13,817,137 28,790,182 111.8 11.8%
15 – 19 12,581,753 11,569,893 24,154,118 108.0 10.3%
20 – 24 10,323,755 10,141,864 20,468,713 100.0 8.9%
25 – 29 8,946,770 9,016,962 17,967,161 98.8 7.9%
30 – 34 7,730,953 8,026,004 15,759,670 96.4 6.8%
35 – 39 7,313,967 7,047,727 14,364,278 102.2 5.8%
40 – 44 6,471,820 6,063,242 12,536,758 101.5 4.6%
45 – 49 5,095,175 4,624,839 9,721,110 104.9 3.8%
50 – 54 4,219,234 3,827,003 8,047,113 110.4 3.3%
55 – 59 3,455,455 2,933,026 6,388,995 113.8 2.4%
60 – 64 2,247,341 2,063,695 4,311,861 108.9 2.1%
65 – 69 1,557,733 1,393,718 2,952,013 111.8 1.4%
70 – 74 1,131,916 1,001,805 2,134,220 113.0 1.0%
75 or more 1,338,251 1,287,621 2,626,523 103.9 1.26%
Age Group Male Female Total Sex ratio Percent
0 – 14 43,533,720 40,182,776 83 716 496 108.3 40.3%
15 – 64 58,778,374 57,478,712 116,257,086 102.3 56.0%
65+ 4,027,900 3,683,144 7,711,044 109.4 3.7%

Population distribution

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Pakistan's population is distributed unevenly, with over half of the country's people living in the Punjab province. On the other hand, Balochistan, which is geographically Pakistan's largest province, is its least-populated. The population is mainly clustered around the most agriculturally fertile areas, particularly the Indus River and its tributaries. Most of the country's people live in rural areas, but two large and growing megacities exist: the coastal Karachi and Lahore in eastern Punjab. Numerous smaller cities (such as Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, and the capital Islamabad) dot the rest of the country.

By province

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The table below shows Pakistan's provinces and territories by their historical population. While every one of Pakistan's administrative units currently has a growing population, the pace of growth is uneven throughout the country due to differing levels of fertility, mortality, as well as domestic and international migration. Populations pertaining to the modern borders of provinces are shown.

Province or Territory 1951[11] 1961[11] 1972[11] 1981[11] 1998[11] 2017[3] 2023[13]
  Punjab 20,540,762 25,463,974 37,607,423 47,292,441 73,691,290 109,989,655 127,688,922
  Sindh 6,047,748 8,367,065 14,155,909 19,028,666 30,439,893 47,854,510 55,696,147
  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 5,888,550 7,578,186 10,879,781 13,259,875 20,919,976 35,501,964 40,856,097
  Balochistan 1,167,167 1,353,484 2,428,678 4,332,376 6,565,885 12,335,129 14,894,402
  ICT — 117,669 237,549 340,286 805,235 2,003,368 2,363,863
Four Provinces and ICT 33,740,167 42,880,378 65,309,340 84,253,644 132,352,279 207,684,626 241,499,431
  Azad Kashmir[4] 886,000 1,065,000 1,573,000 1,983,465 2,972,501 4,045,367
  Gilgit-Baltistan[5] — — — — 884,000 1,492,924
Total Pakistan — — — — 136,208,780 213,222,917

Urbanization

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The following table shows how Pakistan has urbanised. As is true with population growth, urbanisation is an uneven and nonlinear process. With an urbanisation rate of 54% as of 2023, Sindh is the country's most urbanised province. This is largely fuelled by the growth of Karachi, which economically dominates the province and attracts migrants from the rest of the country. On the other hand, the northwestern province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the territory of Gilgit-Baltistan both share very low urbanisation rates.

Province or Territory 1951[11] 1961[11] 1972[11] 1981[11] 1998[11] 2017[3] 2023[14]
  Punjab 17.3% 21.5% 24.4% 27.6% 31.3% 36.9% 40.7%
  Sindh 29.2% 37.9% 40.4% 43.3% 48.8% 51.9% 54.0%
  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 8.6% 10.3% 11.1% 12.6% 14.3% 16.5% 15.0%
  Balochistan 12.4% 16.9% 16.5% 15.6% 23.9% 27.6% 30.1%
  ICT 0.0% 0.0% 32.3% 60.1% 65.7% 50.4% 46.9%
Four Provinces and ICT 17.7% 22.5% 25.4% 28.3% 32.5% 36.4% 38.9%
  Azad Kashmir[4] — — — 8.1% 12.5% 17.4%
  Gilgit-Baltistan[5] — — — — 16.8% 16.5%

Largest cities

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Main article: List of cities in Pakistan by population

As urbanisation has progressed and owing to the country's large population, Pakistan today has many very large urban centers which act as hubs for commerce and culture. The nation has two megacities, Karachi and Lahore. With populations of 18.9 million and 13 million respectively (as of 2023), they are among the world's largest metropolises. The country also has eight more cities with more than 1 million residents each: Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Multan, Hyderabad, Peshawar, Quetta, and Islamabad. All of them play a significant role in the country, housing nearly 19 million people altogether.

Below a list showing Pakistan's cities with a population over 500,000 as of the 2023 census can be found, which not only shows the current populations of the cities, but also their growth rates and locations. The full list can be found on the main article: List of cities in Pakistan by population.

All city population figures below include adjacent cantonments.

City Name Province or Territory 2023 Population[15] Avg. Annual Growth Rate (2017-2023) 2017 Population[16] Avg. Annual Growth Rate (1998-2017) 1998 Population[11]
Karachi   Sindh 18,868,021  4.05% 14,884,402   2.48% 9,339,023
Lahore   Punjab 13,004,135  2.65% 11,119,985   4.06% 5,209,088
Faisalabad   Punjab 3,691,999  2.37% 3,210,158   2.49% 2,008,861
Rawalpindi   Punjab 3,357,612  8.18% 2,097,824   2.11% 1,409,768
Gujranwala   Punjab 2,668,047  3.55% 2,028,421   3.11% 1,132,509
Multan   Punjab 2,215,381  2.85% 1,872,641   2.38% 1,197,384
Hyderabad   Sindh 1,921,275  1.53% 1,733,622   2.10% 1,166,894
Peshawar   KPK 1,905,975  -0.55% 1,969,823   3.72% 982,816
Quetta   Balochistan 1,565,546  7.79% 999,385   3.04% 565,137
Islamabad   ICT 1,108,872  1.59% 1,009,003   3.45% 529,180
Sargodha   Punjab 975,886  6.81% 658,208   1.92% 458,440
Sialkot   Punjab 911,817  5.64% 656,730   2.36% 421,502
Bahawalpur   Punjab 903,795  2.88% 762,774   3.34% 408,395
Jhang   Punjab 606,533  6.58% 414,309   1.83% 293,366
Sheikhupura   Punjab 591,424  3.80% 472,269   2.79% 280,263
Gujrat   Punjab 574,240  6.65% 390,758   2.34% 251,792
Sukkur   Sindh 563,851  2.02% 500,401   2.12% 335,551
Larkana   Sindh 551,716  2.07% 488,006   3.15% 270,283
Sahiwal   Punjab 538,344  5,59% 388,795
Okara   Punjab 533,693  6.90% 358,146
Rahim Yar Khan   Punjab 519,261  3.57% 420,963   3.14% 233,537
Kasur   Punjab 510,875  6.11% 358,296

Vital statistics

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As Pakistan lacks a national vital statistics system that publicly disseminates data, all of the following information is made from estimates, which are constantly being revised. The United Nations estimated that in February 2021, only 42% of births in Pakistan were officially registered, making it the world's most populous country where more than half of births remained unregistered.[17] The United Nations was unable to estimate how many deaths were officially registered.[17]

Estimates based on surveys

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Surveys taken by the Pakistani government or intergovernmental organisations are seen as the most reliable method of keeping tabs on birth, death, fertility, and infant mortality rates in a country without a reliable vital registration system. The data recorded in these surveys is used by the United Nations in order to estimate historical and future fertility and mortality figures for Pakistan in the World Population Prospects.[18]

Survey Crude birth rate Crude death rate Infant mortality rate Total fertility rate Life expectancy
Urban Rural Total Male Female
DHS 2006–07[19] 30.7 — 78 3.30 4.49 4.08 — —
PSLM 2007–08[20] — — 69 3.13 4.41 3.95 — —
PSLM 2011–12[21] — — 63 3.26 4.35 3.95 — —
DHS 2012–13[22] — — 74 3.16 4.20 3.84 — —
PSLM 2013–14[23] — — 65 3.24 4.35 3.95 — —
DHS 2017–18[24] 29 — 62 2.93 3.94 3.56 — —
PSLM 2018–19[25] — — 60 3.01 4.21 3.75 — —
PMMS 2019[26] — — — — — — 64.3 66.5
PDS 2020[27] 27 6.7 56 3.07 4.11 3.72 64.5 65.5

Regional fertility rates

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Many of the surveys above also recorded fertility rate data broken down by each of Pakistan's administrative units, while many more surveys have been taken explicitly focusing on a specific province or territory. The fertility rate data recorded in these surveys is displayed in the table below.

Survey Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan ICT AJK G-B Pakistan
DHS 2006–07[19] 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.1 — — — 4.08
MICS Punjab 2011[28] 3.6 — — — — — — —
DHS 2012–13[22] 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.2 3.0 — 3.8 3.84
MICS Punjab 2014[29] 3.5 — — — — — — —
MICS Sindh 2014[30] — 4.0 — — — — — —
MICS KPK 2016–17[31] — — 4.0 — — — — —
MICS G-B 2016–17[32] — — — — — — 4.6 —
DHS 2017–18[24] 3.4 3.6 4.1 4.0 3.0 3.5 4.7 3.56
MICS Punjab 2017–18[33] 3.7 — — — — — — —
MICS Sindh 2018–19[34] — 3.7 — — — — — —
MICS KPK 2019[35] — — 4.0 — — — — —
MICS Balochistan 2019-20[36] — — — 4.0 — — — —
MICS AJK 2020–21[37] — — — — — 3.4 — —

The MICS surveys above also provide data on the district level, although they come with a far higher margin of error. This margin of error is lessened for larger districts from where larger sample sizes were utilised. In the chart below, the latest fertility rate data for each Pakistani district with a population of over 2 million as of the 2017 census can be found. Although the table is originally ranked by district population size, clicking the headers will allow the reader to sort the table.

District Province Total fertility rate Margin of error Year of survey 2017 Population
Lahore   Punjab 3.1 ±0.2 2017–18[33] 11,119,985
Faisalabad   Punjab 3.3 ±0.2 2017–18[33] 7,882,444
Rawalpindi   Punjab 3.2 ±0.2 2017–18[33] 5,402,380
Gujranwala   Punjab 3.4 ±0.2 2017–18[33] 5,011,066
Rahim Yar Khan   Punjab 4.6 ±0.4 2017–18[33] 4,807,762
Multan   Punjab 3.6 ±0.3 2017–18[33] 4,746,166
Peshawar   KPK 4.0 ±0.5 2019[35] 4,331,959
Muzaffargarh   Punjab 4.7 ±0.3 2017–18[33] 4,328,549
Karachi West   Sindh 2.2 ±0.3 2018–19[34] 3,907,065
Sialkot   Punjab 3.5 ±0.3 2017–18[33] 3,894,938
Sargodha   Punjab 3.6 ±0.3 2017–18[33] 3,696,212
Bahawalpur   Punjab 3.9 ±0.4 2017–18[33] 3,669,176
Sheikhupura   Punjab 3.7 ±0.3 2017–18[33] 3,460,004
Qasur   Punjab 4.3 ±0.3 2017–18[33] 3,454,881
Okara   Punjab 4.3 ±0.4 2017–18[33] 3,040,826
Bahawalnagar   Punjab 3.7 ±0.3 2017–18[33] 2,975,656
Karachi Central   Sindh 2.2 ±0.3 2018–19[34] 2,971,382
Khanewal   Punjab 4.0 ±0.4 2017–18[33] 2,920,233
Vehari   Punjab 3.8 ±0.3 2017–18[33] 2,902,081
Karachi East   Sindh 3.2 ±0.4 2018–19[34] 2,875,315
Dera Ghazi Khan   Punjab 5.4 ±0.5 2017–18[33] 2,872,631
Gujrat   Punjab 3.1 ±0.2 2017–18[33] 2,756,289
Jhang   Punjab 4.3 ±0.4 2017–18[33] 2,742,633
Korangi   Sindh 2.5 ±0.3 2018–19[34] 2,577,556
Sahiwal   Punjab 3.6 ±0.4 2017–18[33] 2,513,011
Khairpur   Sindh 4.8 ±0.8 2018–19[34] 2,405,190
Mardan   KPK 4.0 ±0.3 2019[35] 2,373,399
Swat   KPK 4.5 ±0.5 2019[35] 2,308,624
Quetta   Balochistan 4.7 ±0.3 2019-20[36] 2,269,473
Hyderabad   Sindh 3.0 ±0.4 2018–19[34] 2,199,928
Toba Tek Singh   Punjab 3.5 ±0.3 2017–18[33] 2,191,495
Sanghar   Sindh 4.2 ±0.4 2018–19[34] 2,049,873
Islamabad   ICT 3.0 ±0.3 2017–18[24] 2,003,368

Estimates from the United Nations

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In July 2022, the United Nations published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a biennially-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. They prepared the following estimates of demographic indicators in Pakistan for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades.[2] This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.

Year Mid-year
population 		Annual
live births 		Annual
deaths 		Annual
natural
increase 		CBR CDR RNC Crude migration rate (per 1,000) IMR TFR Life expectancy
Male Female
1950 37,696,264 1,647,739 1,173,219 474,520 43.7 31.1 12.6 263.4 6.80 36.2 33.4
1951 38,215,785 1,686,378 1,121,858 564,520 44.1 29.4 14.8 -1.0 252.9 6.80 37.5 34.6
1952 38,816,777 1,727,288 1,089,817 637,471 44.5 28.1 16.4 -0.7 243.3 6.80 38.6 35.8
1953 39,488,228 1,768,524 1,063,098 705,426 44.8 26.9 17.9 -0.6 234.1 6.80 39.8 36.9
1954 40,224,090 1,810,574 1,044,277 766,297 45.0 26.0 19.0 -0.4 225.6 6.80 40.7 37.9
1955 41,023,128 1,853,944 1,022,153 831,791 45.2 24.9 20.3 -0.4 217.4 6.80 41.8 39.0
1956 41,884,995 1,900,510 1,008,574 891,936 45.4 24.1 21.3 -0.3 209.6 6.80 42.7 39.8
1957 42,808,511 1,948,801 993,703 955,098 45.5 23.2 22.3 -0.3 202.2 6.80 43.7 40.7
1958 43,794,993 1,999,584 981,704 1,017,880 45.6 22.4 23.2 -0.2 195.2 6.80 44.6 41.6
1959 44,843,639 2,049,555 970,149 1,079,406 45.7 21.6 24.1 -0.2 188.7 6.80 45.5 42.5
1960 45,954,226 2,102,786 961,020 1,141,766 45.7 20.9 24.8 0 182.6 6.80 46.3 43.4
1961 47,060,915 2,157,005 951,411 1,205,594 45.8 20.2 25.6 -1.5 176.7 6.80 47.2 44.2
1962 48,161,841 2,201,790 939,942 1,261,848 45.6 19.5 26.2 -2.8 171.2 6.80 48.0 45.0
1963 49,325,050 2,247,761 922,383 1,325,378 45.5 18.7 26.8 -2.6 166.0 6.80 48.8 46.3
1964 50,552,592 2,293,167 907,551 1,385,616 45.3 17.9 27.4 -2.5 161.2 6.80 49.7 47.4
1965 51,841,626 2,340,733 897,333 1,443,400 45.1 17.3 27.8 -2.3 157.5 6.80 50.3 48.5
1966 53,199,414 2,388,085 869,523 1,518,562 44.8 16.3 28.5 -2.3 153.2 6.80 51.6 50.0
1967 54,629,793 2,438,389 854,112 1,584,277 44.6 15.6 29.0 -2.1 149.9 6.80 52.6 51.2
1968 56,124,743 2,483,692 840,624 1,643,068 44.2 15.0 29.2 -1.8 147.0 6.80 53.5 52.3
1969 57,676,805 2,524,648 831,202 1,693,446 43.7 14.4 29.3 -1.6 144.5 6.80 54.2 53.3
1970 59,290,872 2,584,996 818,806 1,766,190 43.5 13.8 29.8 -1.8 142.1 6.80 55.0 54.6
1971 60,878,781 2,648,206 985,142 1,663,064 43.4 16.2 27.3 -0.5 145.5 6.80 49.0 52.2
1972 62,509,565 2,712,779 838,978 1,873,801 43.3 13.4 29.9 -3.1 137.9 6.81 55.4 55.1
1973 64,285,624 2,785,335 852,459 1,932,876 43.3 13.2 30.0 -1.6 136.0 6.81 55.5 55.5
1974 66,149,169 2,853,960 874,080 1,979,880 43.1 13.2 29.9 -0.9 134.3 6.81 55.4 55.6
1975 68,126,999 2,931,237 882,423 2,048,814 43.0 13.0 30.1 -0.2 132.5 6.81 55.8 56.2
1976 70,230,923 3,015,342 900,018 2,115,324 42.9 12.8 30.1 0.8 131.0 6.81 55.9 56.5
1977 72,451,105 3,116,181 922,294 2,193,887 43.0 12.7 30.3 1.3 129.6 6.80 55.8 56.9
1978 74,789,330 3,223,019 934,553 2,288,466 43.1 12.5 30.6 1.7 128.1 6.78 56.3 57.4
1979 77,407,341 3,337,688 950,235 2,387,453 43.2 12.3 30.9 4.1 126.6 6.76 56.5 58.1
1980 80,624,057 3,487,787 970,044 2,517,743 43.5 12.1 31.4 10.2 125.1 6.73 56.8 58.6
1981 84,270,202 3,700,274 1,001,060 2,699,214 44.2 11.9 32.2 13.0 123.6 6.70 57.1 59.3
1982 87,828,198 3,903,191 1,035,663 2,867,528 44.6 11.8 32.7 9.5 122.1 6.67 57.4 59.8
1983 91,080,372 4,067,866 1,057,064 3,010,802 44.7 11.6 33.1 3.9 120.5 6.64 57.7 60.5
1984 94,003,867 4,188,905 1,075,240 3,113,665 44.5 11.4 33.1 -1.0 118.8 6.62 58.0 61.0
1985 97,121,552 4,291,612 1,100,992 3,190,620 44.2 11.4 32.9 0.3 117.0 6.59 58.5 60.4
1986 100,618,523 4,453,073 1,131,849 3,321,224 44.3 11.3 33.0 3.0 115.2 6.55 58.8 60.3
1987 104,251,093 4,602,418 1,185,062 3,417,356 44.2 11.4 32.8 3.3 113.3 6.52 58.5 59.8
1988 107,967,838 4,749,506 1,208,574 3,540,932 44.0 11.2 32.8 2.9 111.5 6.48 58.5 60.4
1989 111,670,386 4,877,528 1,229,672 3,647,856 43.7 11.0 32.7 1.6 109.6 6.43 58.7 60.7
1990 115,414,069 4,979,805 1,238,482 3,741,323 43.1 10.7 32.4 1.1 107.8 6.36 59.0 61.4
1991 119,203,569 5,070,548 1,256,930 3,813,618 42.5 10.5 32.0 0.8 105.9 6.29 59.4 61.3
1992 122,375,179 5,146,942 1,290,628 3,856,314 41.8 10.5 31.3 -4.7 103.9 6.21 59.6 60.7
1993 125,546,615 5,116,844 1,309,418 3,807,426 40.8 10.4 30.3 -4.4 101.7 6.11 59.6 60.4
1994 129,245,139 5,188,381 1,321,834 3,866,547 40.1 10.2 29.9 -0.4 99.5 6.01 59.7 60.6
1995 133,117,476 5,214,150 1,355,586 3,858,564 39.2 10.2 29.0 1.0 97.2 5.89 59.5 60.4
1996 137,234,810 5,283,367 1,351,457 3,931,910 38.5 9.9 28.7 2.2 94.7 5.77 59.9 61.1
1997 141,330,267 5,323,160 1,363,688 3,959,472 37.7 9.7 28.0 1.8 92.3 5.64 59.9 61.5
1998 145,476,106 5,391,873 1,360,060 4,031,813 37.1 9.4 27.7 1.6 89.9 5.51 60.2 62.1
1999 149,694,462 5,457,820 1,350,165 4,107,655 36.5 9.0 27.5 1.5 87.5 5.39 60.8 62.8
2000 154,369,924 5,503,880 1,349,760 4,154,120 35.8 8.8 27.0 4.2 85.3 5.26 61.2 63.1
2001 159,217,727 5,621,718 1,365,265 4,256,453 35.3 8.6 26.8 4.6 83.3 5.12 61.4 63.6
2002 163,262,807 5,707,878 1,383,913 4,323,965 34.9 8.5 26.4 -1.0 81.5 5.01 61.7 63.7
2003 166,876,680 5,705,869 1,389,323 4,316,546 34.1 8.3 25.8 -3.7 79.8 4.88 61.9 64.0
2004 170,648,620 5,728,041 1,397,637 4,330,404 33.5 8.2 25.3 -2.7 78.4 4.75 61.9 64.4
2005 174,372,098 5,741,665 1,467,794 4,273,871 32.9 8.4 24.5 -2.7 77.9 4.64 61.2 64.0
2006 178,069,984 5,780,328 1,397,071 4,383,257 32.4 7.8 24.6 -3.4 75.7 4.53 62.1 65.7
2007 181,924,521 5,939,254 1,421,100 4,518,154 32.6 7.8 24.8 -3.2 74.5 4.51 61.9 66.1
2008 185,931,955 6,026,112 1,440,035 4,586,077 32.4 7.7 24.6 -2.6 73.1 4.43 61.9 66.5
2009 190,123,222 6,126,953 1,466,094 4,660,859 32.2 7.7 24.5 -2.0 71.8 4.36 62.1 66.5
2010 194,454,498 6,251,649 1,479,575 4,772,074 32.1 7.6 24.5 -1.7 70.5 4.30 62.3 66.9
2011 198,602,738 6,344,791 1,497,860 4,846,931 31.9 7.5 24.3 -3.0 68.8 4.23 62.5 67.1
2012 202,205,861 6,416,601 1,518,663 4,897,938 31.6 7.5 24.1 -6.0 67.1 4.17 62.7 67.2
2013 205,337,562 6,432,644 1,512,911 4,919,733 31.2 7.3 23.8 -8.3 65.5 4.11 63.0 67.6
2014 208,251,628 6,374,716 1,522,217 4,852,499 30.5 7.3 23.2 -9.0 63.8 4.01 63.1 67.7
2015 210,969,298 6,297,466 1,504,820 4,792,646 29.7 7.1 22.6 -9.6 62.1 3.90 63.5 68.2
2016 213,524,840 6,291,208 1,510,500 4,780,708 29.3 7.0 22.3 -10.2 60.4 3.83 63.7 68.3
2017 216,379,655 6,289,965 1,496,276 4,793,689 29.0 6.9 22.1 -8.7 58.8 3.76 64.0 68.8
2018 219,731,479 6,302,081 1,508,129 4,793,952 28.6 6.8 21.8 -6.3 57.1 3.69 64.2 69.0
2019 223,293,280 6,330,933 1,514,600 4,816,333 28.3 6.8 21.5 -5.3 55.5 3.62 64.6 69.1
2020 227,196,741 6,362,705 1,606,293 4,756,412 28.0 7.1 20.9 -3.4 53.9 3.56 63.9 68.8
2021 231,402,117 6,374,741 1,660,400 4,714,341 27.5 7.2 20.4 -1.9 52.3 3.47 63.8 68.6
 
Life expectancy in Pakistan since 1921
 
Life expectancy in Pakistan since 1960 by gender

Human development

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Human Development Index

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Further information: List of administrative units of Pakistan by Human Development Index

Pakistan's Human Development Index (HDI) value for 2018 is in the medium human development category with a score of 0.560 (152nd rank out of 189 countries and territories) compared to 0.614 (135th rank) for Bangladesh and 0.647 (129th rank) for India. From 1990 to 2018, Pakistan's HDI increased 38.6% from 0.404 to 0.560.[38][39]

2018 Information on Pakistani provinces/regions, compared to other countries, estimated at three decimal places is provided below:[40]

Rank Region HDI (2018)[40]
Medium human development
1 Islamabad Capital Territory 0.875  
2 Azad Jammu & Kashmir 0.611  
3 Gilgit-Baltistan 0.593  
4 Punjab 0.567  
–   Pakistan (average) 0.561  
Low human development
5 Sindh 0.533  
6 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 0.529  
7 Balochistan 0.477  
8 FATA 0.466  

Literacy

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Definition: A person who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter in any language with understanding and can make simple calculation is treated as literate. Literacy rates for the population over 10 years old as of 2023 are below.[41]

Total population
62.85%
Urban
77.09%
Rural
55.56%

Educational institutions by kind

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[43]

Nationality, ethnicity, and language

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Ethnic groups

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Main article: Ethnic groups in Pakistan

Ethnic groups in Pakistan (World Factbook)[44]

  Punjabis (44.7%)
  Pashtuns (18.24%)
  Sindhis (14.1%)
  Saraikis (8.4%)
  Muhajirs (7.6%)
  Baloch (3.6%)
  Others (6.3%)

The major ethnolinguistic groups of Pakistan include Punjabis, Pashtuns, Sindhis, Saraikis, Muhajirs, Balochs, Hindkowans/Hazarewals, Brahuis, Meos, and Kohistanis[45][note 1] with significant numbers of Shina, Baltis, Kashmiris, Paharis, Chitralis, Torwalis, Hazaras, Burusho, Wakhis, Kalash, Siddis and other various minorities.[47][48]

Pakistan's census does not include the 1.4 million citizens of Afghanistan who are temporarily residing in Pakistan.[49][50][51] Majority of them were born in Pakistan within the last four decades and are ethnically Pashtuns, Tajiks, Uzbeks and others.[52]

Foreign-born population in Pakistan

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Main article: Immigration to Pakistan

After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, millions of Muslims from India migrated to Pakistan and they are the largest group of foreign-born residents. This group is dwindling because of its age. The second-largest group of foreign-born residents consists of refugees from Afghanistan who are expected to leave Pakistan by the end of 2018.[53] There are also smaller groups of Muslim immigrants from countries such as Burma, Bangladesh, Iraq, Somalia, Iran, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, among others.[citation needed]

Year Population Foreign born Percentage foreign born
1960 46,259,000 6,350,296 13.73%
1970 59,565,000 5,105,556 8.57%
1980 79,297,000 5,012,524 6.32%
1990 111,698,000 6,555,782 5.87%
2000 142,648,000 4,242,689 2.97%
2005 157,935,000 3,254,112 2.06%
 
Source:[54] Mostly those born before 1947

Languages

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Main article: Languages of Pakistan

Languages of Pakistan (2023 census)[55]

  Punjabi (36.98%)
  Pashto (18.15%)
  Sindhi (14.31%)
  Saraiki (12.00%)
  Urdu (9.25%)
  Balochi (3.38%)
  Hindko (2.32%)
  Brahui (1.16%)
  Mewati (0.46%)
  Kohistani (0.43%)
  Kashmiri (0.11%)
  Shina (0.05%)
  Balti (0.02%)
  Kalasha (0.003%)
  Others (1.38%)

Pakistan is a multilingual country with dozens of languages spoken as first languages.[56][57] The majority Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family.[58][59]

Urdu is the national language and the lingua franca of Pakistan, and while sharing official status with English, it is the preferred and dominant language used for communication between different ethnic groups.[56][57] Numerous regional languages are spoken as first languages by Pakistan's various ethnolinguistic groups. Languages with more than a million speakers each include Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Urdu, Balochi, Hindko, Brahui, Mewati and Kohistani.[60][61]

Ethnologue lists 74 languages in Pakistan. Of these, 66 are indigenous and 8 are non-indigenous. In terms of their vitality, 7 are classified as 'institutional', 17 are 'developing', 37 are 'vigorous', 10 are 'in trouble', and 3 are 'dying'.[62]

Religion

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Main article: Religion in Pakistan

Religion in Pakistan (2023 census)[63]

  Islam (96.35%)
  Hinduism (2.17%)
  Christianity (1.37%)
  Scheduled Castes (0.56%)
  Qaidani/Ahmadi (0.07%)
  Others (0.04%)

According to the World Factbook, Library of Congress, Oxford University, over 96% of the population of Pakistan is Muslim and the remaining 4% is Hindu, Christian, and others.[64][65][66] Majority of the Muslims practice Sunni with a significant minority of Shi'as.

Nearly all Pakistani Sunni Muslims belong to the Hanafi school, although there are some Hanbalis and Ahl-e-Hadees. The majority of Shia Muslims belong to the Ithnā'Ashariyyah branch,[64] while a smaller number practice Ismailism. There are small non-Muslim religious groups, including Christians, Ahmadis, Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Baháʼís and Zoroastrians (Parsis),[67]

Religious breakdown of the Pakistani population as of Pakistan Census 2023:
Religion Population
Muslims
231,686,709
Hindus
5,217,216
Christians
3,300,788
Scheduled Castes
1,349,487
Ahmadiyya
162,684
Others
90,692

Recent changes and detailed demographic data

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Pakistan Bureau of Statistics released religious data of Pakistan Census 2017 on 19 May 2021.[68] 96.47% are Muslims, followed by 2.174% Hindus, 1.27% Christians, 0.09% Ahmadis and 0.02% others.

The 2017 census showed marginal increase in the share of Hindus.The census also recorded Pakistan's first Hindu-majority district, called Umerkot District.

On the other hand, Christianity in Pakistan, while increasing in raw numbers, has fallen significantly in percentage terms since the last census. Christians are concentrated in the most developed parts of Pakistan, Lahore District (over 5% Christian), Islamabad Capital Territory (over 4% Christian), and Northern Punjab.

The Ahmadiyya movement shrunk in size (both raw numbers and percentage) between 1998 and 2017, while remaining concentrated in Lalian Tehsil, Chiniot District, where approximately 13% of the population is Ahmadiyya.

Here are some maps of Pakistan's religious minority groups as of the 2017 census by district:
 
Hindu Proportion of each Pakistani District of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census
 
Ahmadiyya Proportion of each Pakistani District of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census
 
Christian Proportion of each Pakistani District of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census
Virtually all people not belonging to one of these minority groups were Sunni or Shia Muslim, with the most religiously homogeneous areas found in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Pakistanis around the world

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Main article: Overseas Pakistanis
  Saudi Arabia 4,000,000
  United Arab Emirates 1,600,000
  United Kingdom 1,200,000
  United States 687,942[69]
  Canada 215,000[70]
  Kuwait 190,000
  South Africa 180,000[71]
  Oman 385,000
  Australia 61,913[72]
  Germany 179,668
  Qatar 52,500
  France 50,000
  Norway 39,257[73]
  Denmark 21,000
  New Zealand 10,000
  Ireland 9,501
  Japan 22,118[74]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Ethnolinguistic groups with a population of more than a million each.[46]

References

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  68. ^ "Pakistan's population is 207.68m, shows 2017 census result". 19 May 2021.
  69. ^ Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "U.S. Census website". Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  70. ^ Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics (25 October 2017). "Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables – Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Canada, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". www12.statcan.gc.ca.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  71. ^ "About PSAA". Archived from the original on 21 September 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
  72. ^ "Most Pakistanis and Urdu speakers live in this Australian state". sbs.com.au. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  73. ^ "05183: Innvandrere og norskfødte med innvandrerforeldre, etter kjønn og landbakgrunn 1970–2021-PX-Web SSB". SSB (in Norwegian). Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  74. ^ "在留外国人統計（旧登録外国人統計） 在留外国人統計 月次 2022年12月 | ファイル | 統計データを探す".

Sources

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