Wikipedia

Bibury

For steamships named Bibury, see SS Bibury.

Bibury is a village and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England. It is on the River Coln, a Thames tributary that rises in the Cotswolds. The village centre is 6+1⁄2 miles (10.5 kilometres) northeast of Cirencester. Arlington Row is a nationally notable architectural conservation area depicted on the inside cover of some British passports. It is a major destination for tourists visiting the traditional rural villages, tea houses and many historic buildings of the Cotswold District; it is one of six places in the country featured in Mini-Europe, Brussels.

Bibury
Arlington Row: Cotswold stone cottages
Bibury is located in Gloucestershire
Bibury
Bibury
Location within Gloucestershire
Population627 (2011)[1]
OS grid referenceSP115066
Civil parish
  • Bibury
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townCIRENCESTER
Postcode districtGL7
PoliceGloucestershire
FireGloucestershire
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
Websitehttp://www.bibury.com
List of places
UK
England
Gloucestershire
51°45′30″N 1°49′57″W / 51.7582°N 1.8324°W / 51.7582; -1.8324

History

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St Mary's Church, Bibury

In the Domesday Book (1086), a record of survey done under William the Conqueror, the place is named Becheberie, and it is recorded that the lands and church in Bibury were held by St Mary's Priory at Worcester, from whom it passed in 1130 to Osney Abbey, near Oxford: the Abbey continued to hold it until its dissolution in 1540.[2]

The Church of England Church of St Mary is very late Anglo-Saxon with later additions and listed in the top of the three heritage/architecture categories, Grade I. Its main material is random (cobblestone) and coursed rubble limestone with a slate roof. It is formed of a nave with north and south aisles, south porch, north west tower and chancel, tower, arched doorways.[3][4] The churchyard has been described as being "of special interest because of the remarkable survival of so many excellently carved table tombs with bale tops, and headstones with cherubs and symbolic figures of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries".[5] There is an early canonical sundial on the south wall. From AD 1130 until the English Reformation during the 16th century, the church was a peculier of Osney Abbey in Oxford.[4]

Adjacent to the church is the village primary school that was built in the 1850s. In 2015 the school had 43 pupils on its roll in two classes.[6] On the Arlington (west) side of the village is Arlington Baptist Church, where a congregation has been meeting since the 1740s.[7]

Late in the 19th century George Witts recounted the discovery of the Bibury Roman villa: "In the year 1880 a Roman villa was accidentally discovered in the parish of Bibury, about 6 miles (10 kilometres) northeast of Cirencester. Some Roman pottery, coins, remnants of tesselated pavements, &c., were found, but as no examination has yet taken place, no description of the building can be given."—George Witts, 1883.[8] The site fills a small low meander downstream of the bridge on the Arlington, Bibury side.[9] Bibury village proper, on the east bank, consists of approximately 40 homes and businesses, of which two are prominent hotels.

Visitor attractions

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Arlington Mill in Bibury in 2009

The 19th-century artist and craftsman William Morris called Bibury "the most beautiful village in England" when he visited it.[10][11]

The village is known for its honey-coloured 17th-century stone cottages with steeply pitched roofs, which once housed weavers who supplied cloth for fulling at nearby Arlington Mill. Until the 1980s, that building also housed the museum of Arlington Mill with a collection of period clothing, before it was shifted to Barnsley House.[11] The Mill is now a private residence.[12]

 
Bibury cottages
 
Bibury Court, built in 1633

The place where the wool was hung to dry after being washed in Arlington Row, was known as "Rack Isle". Today, this water meadow and marshy area, which is seasonally flooded and surrounded by water from three sides, is an important habitat for water-loving plants and birds including mallards, coots, and moorhens; it is also a National Trust Wildfowl Reserve.[13][14]

Bibury is particularly frequented by Japanese tourists. This is largely attributed to Emperor Hirohito having stayed in the village on his European tour.[15][16][17]

The largest building in Bibury is Bibury Court, built in 1633 in the Jacobean style.[18] It is a Grade I listed building, and was recently a hotel. The hotel has now closed permanently with its future unknown.[19] Previously it was inhabited by Lord Sherborne when in 2008 it was bought by John Lister, of Shipton Mill organic flour.[20] The village has a tennis court downstream of where the main road turns away to the north-west, close to the church and Bibury Court. Ablington Manor, on Potlicker's Lane, was built in 1590, and is also a Grade I listed building.

Arlington Row

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The picturesque Arlington Row cottages were built in 1380 as a monastic wool store. This was converted into a row of cottages for weavers in the 17th century.[13] The cloth produced there was sent to Arlington Mill. Arlington Row is a popular visitor attraction,[11] probably one of the most photographed Cotswold scenes, and was preserved by the Royal College of Arts. It has been used as a film and television location, most notably for the film Stardust - claims that Bridget Jones's Diary was also filmed at Arlington Row seem incorrect.[21][16][22][23] In 2017 the BBC reported that an "ugly" car parked by an elderly motorist had been vandalised, possibly by visitors who had repeatedly complained that it spoilt photographs.[24]

Geography

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Grade II listed buildings in Bibury along the River Coln

The Coln, a tributary of the Thames, flows in a very steep valley (in Thames Basin terms) southeastwards. It flows alongside the midsection of Bibury with Arlington's main street which doglegs to achieve this. Each side has a similar concentration and scale of development; each bank's development falls mainly in the Bibury conservation area which has an insightful district surveyor's statement for building owners and visitors.[25]

The parish is approximately rectangular and stretches far to the rolling, elevated, north. It includes on outlying settlement, Ablington, in the upper valley. Bibury Farm is 300 metres (330 yd) from the village, 151 metres (495 ft) above Ordnance Datum (AOD), which is a similar elevation to much of the north. The south rises to a maximum of 141 metres (463 ft) on its periphery along Akeman Street, a Roman road, before ascending further in other more distant lands. The valley floor within the Bibury boundary, northwest and southeast, ranges from 108 to 98 metres (354 to 322 ft) AOD.[citation needed]

The Coln, along with the Bibury Spring, supplies Bibury Trout farm, founded in 1902 by the naturalist Arthur Severn, to stock the local rivers and streams with the native brown trout. The hatchery spawns up to six million trout ova every year.[26] Three medieval clusters are all interspersed by substantial grass, making for a dense developed area compared to suburbs but not in terms of roads; a footbridge connects both sides (Arlington and Bibury) as well as various footpaths in all directions. Elevations vary widely even throughout the village parts, with the gentlest slope in the eastern escarpment of the Cotswold Hills for 1 mile (1.5 kilometres) or more in each direction taken by the main village road.[citation needed]

Culture

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The world's first horse racing club, The Bibury Club, was formed in 1681 and held race meetings on Macaroni Downs above the village until the early 20th century.[27]

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Bibury is prominently featured as a character's hometown in the manga series Kin-iro Mosaic. The director of its animated adaptation, Motoki "Tensho" Tanaka, later founded Bibury Animation Studios.[28]

Notable inhabitants

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In 2000, Daniel Brennan KCSG, QC, barrister and judge, was made Lord Brennan and Bibury is his territorial designation as his home village.[29]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Parish population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  2. ^ Croome, W.I. (1992). A Short History of St Mary's Bibury. Gloucester: The British Printing Company Ltd. OCLC 78092632.
  3. ^ Historic England. "Bibury Church (Grade I) (1155770)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  4. ^ a b Verey, David (1970). The Buildings of England: Gloucestershire: The Cotswolds. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. pp. 106–112. ISBN 0-14-071040-X.
  5. ^ Verey, David (1976). Cotswold Churches. B. T. Batsford Ltd. p. 94. ISBN 978-1845880286.
  6. ^ "Bibury Church of England Primary School:OFSTED Report 2015" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  7. ^ "Arlington Baptist Church Website". Arlington Baptist Church. Archived from the original on 22 July 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  8. ^ Witts, George (1883). Archaeological Handbook of the County of Gloucester. Cheltenham: G. Norman. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
  9. ^ Scheduled Ancient Monument official listing. Historic England. "Site of Roman Villa near Bibury Mill (1003357)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  10. ^ Gibbs, J.A. (1898). A Cotswold Village. VCH Glos. p. 23.
  11. ^ a b c "Gloucestershire - History - Day Out: The South East Cotswolds". BBC. January 2009. Archived from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  12. ^ "Top 15 unusual buildings for sale: 02". Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  13. ^ a b "Bibury". National Trust. Archived from the original on 3 August 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  14. ^ "Domesday Reloaded: Wildlife On Rack Isle, Bibury". BBC. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  15. ^ Dalton, Nick (2012). Frommer's England and the Best of Wales. Wiley. ISBN 9781118331378. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  16. ^ a b "Passport picture not behind influx of tourists according to Bibury residents | Gloucestershire Echo". Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  17. ^ "Tales from Bibury Shop: Japanese and English". Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  18. ^ Fiona Duncan. "Bibury Court hotel, Cotswolds, Gloucestershire: review". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  19. ^ Archer, Megan (18 December 2014). "Bibury Court Hotel to be transformed into large country house due to business decline". Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  20. ^ Duncan, Fiona. "Bibury Court, Gloucestershire". The Hotel Guru. Archived from the original on 17 May 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  21. ^ "Arlington Row on the Bibury Website".
  22. ^ IMDB Website
  23. ^ "Travellers who admire the stamps in their passports while waiting in line at airports will soon have views from the West to look at. | Gloucester Citizen". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  24. ^ "Notorious yellow car vandalised in Bibury". BBC Gloucester. 4 February 2017. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  25. ^ Documents related to Bibury Conservation Area Archived 13 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2015
  26. ^ "Bibury Trout Farm Website". Biburytroutfarm.co.uk. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  27. ^ "The CotsWolds:Horse Racing". Thecotswoldgateway.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  28. ^ "company". bibury-st.com (in Japanese). 17 February 2020.
  29. ^ "No. 55839". The London Gazette. 5 May 2000. p. 4980.

Bibliography

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