Wikipedia

Biscay (Congress of Deputies constituency)

Biscay (Basque: Bizkaia, Spanish: Vizcaya) is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects eight deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Biscay. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Biscay
Congress of Deputies
Electoral constituency
Location of Biscay within Spain
ProvinceBiscay
Autonomous communityBasque Country
Population1,149,344 (2022)[1]
Electorate942,983 (2023)
Major settlementsBilbao, Barakaldo, Getxo
Current constituency
Created1977
Seats10 (1977–1993)
9 (1993–2008)
8 (2008–present)
Member(s)
  •   PNV (2)
  •   PSOE (2)
  •   EH Bildu (2)
  •   PP (1)
  •   Sumar (1)

Electoral system

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The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.[3]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over twenty-one and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado) which was abolished in 2022.[4][5] 348 seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Each provincial constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected using plurality voting.[3][6][7] The use of the D'Hondt method may result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[8]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[6][7]

Deputies

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Deputies 1977–present
Key to parties
  HB
  Amaiur
  EH Bildu[a]
  EH Bildu[b]
  IU
  U.Podemos
  Podemos
  Sumar
  EE
  PSOE
  EA
  PNV
  UCD
  PP
  CP
  AP
Legislature Election Distribution
Constituent 1977
3 4 2 1
1st 1979
2 2 4 2
2nd 1982
1 4 4 1
3rd 1986
2 1 3 3 1
4th 1989
2 1 2 1 3 1
5th 1993
1 3 3 2
6th 1996
1 1 2 3 2
7th 2000
2 4 3
8th 2004
3 4 2
9th 2008
4 3 1
10th 2011
2 2 3 1
11th 2015
1 2 1 3 1
12th 2016
1 3 1 2 1
13th 2019 (Apr)
1 2 2 3
14th 2019 (Nov)
1 1 2 3 1
15th 2023
2 1 2 2 1

Elections

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2023 general election

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Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 164,188 26.93 –8.29 2 –1
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 157,448 25.82 +6.69 2 ±0
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 125,867 20.64 +5.62 2 +1
People's Party (PP) 70,533 11.57 +2.75 1 ±0
Unite (Sumar)1 66,592 10.92 –5.85 1 ±0
Vox (Vox) 16,069 2.64 +0.22 0 ±0
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2 2,729 0.45 –0.15 0 ±0
Workers' Front (FO) 929 0.15 New 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 804 0.13 +0.05 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK) 618 0.10 +0.02 0 ±0
Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 525 0.09 –0.03 0 ±0
Blank ballots 3,391 0.56 –0.04
Total 609,693 8 ±0
Valid votes 609,693 99.15 –0.27
Invalid votes 5,251 0.85 +0.27
Votes cast / turnout 614,944 65.21 –1.55
Abstentions 328,039 34.79 +1.55
Registered voters 942,983
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

November 2019 general election

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Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 221,979 35.22 +0.88 3 ±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 120,566 19.13 –0.75 2 ±0
United We Can (Podemos–IU) 97,125 15.41 –2.31 1 –1
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 94,669 15.02 +1.66 1 ±0
People's Party (PP) 55,621 8.82 +1.56 1 +1
Vox (Vox) 15,284 2.42 +0.11 0 ±0
More Country–Ecologist Candidacy (Más País–Candidatura Ecologista) 8,542 1.36 New 0 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 6,929 1.10 –2.01 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 3,783 0.60 –0.30 0 ±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 753 0.12 –0.05 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 494 0.08 –0.04 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK) 491 0.08 –0.01 0 ±0
European Solidarity Action Party (Solidaria) 270 0.04 –0.04 0 ±0
Blank ballots 3,806 0.60 –0.06
Total 630,312 8 ±0
Valid votes 630,312 99.42 +0.11
Invalid votes 3,665 0.58 –0.11
Votes cast / turnout 633,977 66.76 –6.09
Abstentions 315,621 33.24 +6.09
Registered voters 949,598
Sources[10]

April 2019 general election

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Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 235,916 34.34 +6.12 3 +1
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 136,547 19.88 +5.97 2 +1
United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo Berdeak) 121,740 17.72 –11.15 2 –1
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 91,771 13.36 +2.47 1 ±0
People's Party (PP) 49,859 7.26 –5.45 0 –1
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 21,392 3.11 –0.22 0 ±0
Vox (Vox) 15,839 2.31 +2.21 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 6,187 0.90 +0.12 0 ±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,177 0.17 –0.02 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 844 0.12 New 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK) 603 0.09 New 0 ±0
European Solidarity Action Party (Solidaria) 528 0.08 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 4,557 0.66 +0.03
Total 686,960 8 ±0
Valid votes 686,960 99.31 –0.01
Invalid votes 4,742 0.69 +0.01
Votes cast / turnout 691,702 72.85 +6.88
Abstentions 257,740 27.15 –6.88
Registered voters 949,442
Sources[10]

2016 general election

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Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
United We Can (Podemos/Ahal Dugu–IU–Equo)1 179,347 28.87 –0.05 3 +1
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 175,296 28.22 +0.31 2 –1
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 86,425 13.91 +0.93 1 ±0
People's Party (PP) 78,965 12.71 +1.31 1 ±0
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 67,653 10.89 –1.60 1 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 20,685 3.33 –0.51 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 4,865 0.78 +0.12 0 ±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,176 0.19 +0.02 0 ±0
Blank Seats (EB/AZ) 1,026 0.17 +0.01 0 ±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 766 0.12 –0.19 0 ±0
Vox (Vox) 641 0.10 New 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 467 0.08 +0.02 0 ±0
Blank ballots 3,907 0.63 –0.11
Total 621,219 8 ±0
Valid votes 621,219 98.32 +0.03
Invalid votes 4,225 0.68 –0.03
Votes cast / turnout 625,444 65.97 –3.44
Abstentions 322,636 34.03 +3.44
Registered voters 948,080
Sources[10]
Footnotes:

2015 general election

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Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 182,604 27.91 –4.70 3 ±0
We Can (Podemos/Ahal Dugu) 170,728 26.10 New 2 +2
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 84,893 12.98 –8.41 1 –1
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)1 81,704 12.49 –6.70 1 –1
People's Party (PP) 74,560 11.40 –6.32 1 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 25,148 3.84 New 0 ±0
United Left–Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC) 18,466 2.82 –0.96 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 4,342 0.66 +0.15 0 ±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 2,012 0.31 –1.39 0 ±0
Left–For the Left (Ezkerra) 1,447 0.22 New 0 ±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,089 0.17 New 0 ±0
Blank Seats (EB/AZ) 1,045 0.16 –0.29 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 479 0.07 –0.19 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 414 0.06 New 0 ±0
Social Justice, Citizen Participation (JS,PC) 406 0.06 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 4,840 0.74 –0.40
Total 654,177 8 ±0
Valid votes 654,177 99.29 +0.30
Invalid votes 4,647 0.71 –0.30
Votes cast / turnout 658,824 69.41 +1.33
Abstentions 290,353 30.59 –1.33
Registered voters 949,177
Sources[10]
Footnotes:

2011 general election

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Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 208,683 32.61 +1.51 3 ±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 136,853 21.39 –15.60 2 –2
Amaiur (Amaiur)1 122,796 19.19 +14.54 2 +2
People's Party (PP) 113,401 17.72 –0.68 1 ±0
United Left–The Greens: Plural Left (IU–LV) 24,205 3.78 –0.57 0 ±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 10,886 1.70 +0.75 0 ±0
Equo (Equo) 7,387 1.15 New 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 3,278 0.51 +0.14 0 ±0
Blank Seats (EB) 2,886 0.45 New 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,670 0.26 +0.03 0 ±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 550 0.09 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 7,285 1.14 –0.54
Total 639,880 8 ±0
Valid votes 639,880 98.99 –0.04
Invalid votes 6,552 1.01 +0.04
Votes cast / turnout 646,432 68.08 +1.49
Abstentions 303,039 31.92 –1.49
Registered voters 949,471
Sources[10]
Footnotes:

2008 general election

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Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 233,371 36.99 +10.23 4 +1
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 196,242 31.10 –6.19 3 –1
People's Party (PP) 116,110 18.40 –0.34 1 –1
United Left–Greens–Alternative (EB–B) 27,471 4.35 –4.23 0 ±0
Basque Solidarity (EA) 19,605 3.11 –1.23 0 ±0
Aralar (Aralar) 9,740 1.54 –0.31 0 ±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 5,997 0.95 New 0 ±0
The Greens (B/LV) 3,351 0.53 New 0 ±0
Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 2,343 0.37 New 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,466 0.23 New 0 ±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 998 0.16 –0.08 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain–Basque Communists (PCPE–EK) 799 0.13 New 0 ±0
Engine and Sports Alternative (AMD) 617 0.10 New 0 ±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV) 589 0.09 New 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 435 0.07 –0.20 0 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 426 0.07 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 219 0.03 +0.01 0 ±0
National Democracy (DN) 191 0.03 –0.02 0 ±0
Carlist Party of the Basque Country–Carlist Party (EKA–PC) 166 0.03 –0.01 0 ±0
Spanish Alternative (AES) 113 0.02 New 0 ±0
National Alliance (AN) 87 0.01 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 10,581 1.68 +0.42
Total 630,917 8 –1
Valid votes 630,917 99.03 +5.25
Invalid votes 6,177 0.97 –5.25
Votes cast / turnout 637,094 66.59 –9.24
Abstentions 319,615 33.41 +9.24
Registered voters 956,709
Sources[10]

2004 general election

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Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 258,488 37.29 +3.08 4 ±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 185,514 26.76 +3.90 3 +1
People's Party (PP) 129,889 18.74 –8.52 2 –1
United Left (EB/IU) 59,493 8.58 +2.79 0 ±0
Basque Solidarity (EA) 30,096 4.34 –0.74 0 ±0
Aralar–Stand up (Aralar–Zutik) 12,791 1.85 New 0 ±0
Party of the Democratic Karma (PKD) 2,300 0.33 –0.09 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 1,846 0.27 +0.03 0 ±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 1,682 0.24 +0.14 0 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 789 0.11 +0.06 0 ±0
Republican Left (IR) 407 0.06 New 0 ±0
National Democracy (DN) 348 0.05 New 0 ±0
Republican Social Movement (MSR) 264 0.04 New 0 ±0
Carlist Party of the Basque Country–Carlist Party (EKA–PC) 243 0.04 New 0 ±0
The Phalanx (FE) 147 0.02 –0.02 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)1 134 0.02 –0.01 0 ±0
Blank ballots 8,754 1.26 –1.44
Total 693,185 9 ±0
Valid votes 693,185 93.78 –5.13
Invalid votes 45,979 6.22 +5.13
Votes cast / turnout 739,164 75.83 +8.84
Abstentions 235,578 24.17 –8.84
Registered voters 974,742
Sources[10]
Footnotes:

2000 general election

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Summary of the 12 March 2000 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 222,479 34.21 +5.01 4 +1
People's Party (PP) 177,272 27.26 +8.82 3 +1
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 148,670 22.86 –0.93 2 ±0
United Left (EB/IU) 37,677 5.79 –3.93 0 –1
Basque Solidarity (EA) 33,047 5.08 –0.10 0 ±0
The Greens (B/LV) 5,469 0.84 +0.40 0 ±0
Party of the Democratic Karma (PKD) 2,759 0.42 New 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 1,579 0.24 +0.18 0 ±0
Natural Law Party (PLN) 1,025 0.16 New 0 ±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 662 0.10 New 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 534 0.08 New 0 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre–Centrist Union (CDS–UC) 348 0.05 –0.01 0 ±0
Republican Action (AR) 281 0.04 New 0 ±0
Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000) 246 0.04 New 0 ±0
The Phalanx (FE) 243 0.04 New 0 ±0
Carlist Party (EKA) 182 0.03 New 0 ±0
Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000 (FEI–FE 2000) 179 0.03 +0.01 0 ±0
Internationalist Struggle (LI (LIT–CI)) 151 0.02 New 0 ±0
Basque Citizens (EH)1 0 0.00 –9.94 0 –1
Blank ballots 17,584 2.70 +1.40
Total 650,387 9 ±0
Valid votes 650,387 98.91 –0.41
Invalid votes 7,138 1.09 +0.41
Votes cast / turnout 657,525 66.99 –5.50
Abstentions 324,046 33.01 +5.50
Registered voters 981,571
Sources[10]
Footnotes:

1996 general election

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Summary of the 3 March 1996 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 204,056 29.20 –0.34 3 ±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 166,293 23.79 –1.08 2 –1
People's Party (PP) 128,904 18.44 +3.15 2 ±0
Popular Unity (HB) 69,472 9.94 –2.58 1 ±0
United Left (IU/EB) 67,954 9.72 +2.67 1 +1
Basque Solidarity (EA) 36,234 5.18 –1.13 0 ±0
Basque Citizen Initiative (ICV–Gorordo) 11,833 1.69 New 0 ±0
European Greens–Basque Country Greens (VE–EHB) 774 0.44 –0.57 0 ±0
Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT)1 560 0.08 –0.38 0 ±0
Centrist Union (UC) 430 0.06 –0.73 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 394 0.06 +0.01 0 ±0
Republican Coalition (CR)2 331 0.05 +0.01 0 ±0
Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA) 139 0.02 New 0 ±0
Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) 138 0.02 New 0 ±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) 0 0.00 –0.06 0 ±0
Blank ballots 9,063 1.30 +0.09
Total 698,859 9 ±0
Valid votes 698,859 99.32 +0.14
Invalid votes 4,770 0.68 –0.14
Votes cast / turnout 703,629 72.49 +1.41
Abstentions 266,963 27.51 –1.41
Registered voters 970,592
Sources[10]
Footnotes:

1993 general election

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Summary of the 6 June 1993 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 197,392 29.54 +1.63 3 ±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))1 166,172 24.87 –3.81 3 ±0
People's Party (PP) 102,172 15.29 +5.59 2 +1
Popular Unity (HB) 83,644 12.52 –2.53 1 –1
United Left (IU/EB) 47,091 7.05 +3.44 0 ±0
Basque Solidarity–Basque Left (EA–EuE) 42,175 6.31 –1.56 0 –1
The Greens (Berdeak/LV) 6,769 1.01 New 0 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 5,285 0.79 –2.65 0 ±0
The Ecologists (LE) 3,215 0.48 –0.59 0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 3,053 0.46 +0.12 0 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group–European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE) 1,359 0.20 –0.56 0 ±0
Referendum Tolerant Independent Political Party (PITRCG) 408 0.06 New 0 ±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) 405 0.06 –0.02 0 ±0
Natural Law Party (PLN) 387 0.06 New 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 353 0.05 –0.03 0 ±0
Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)2 251 0.04 –0.02 0 ±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 0 0.00 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 8,060 1.21 +0.53
Total 668,191 9 –1
Valid votes 668,191 99.18 +0.15
Invalid votes 5,495 0.82 –0.15
Votes cast / turnout 673,686 71.08 +3.79
Abstentions 274,085 28.92 –3.79
Registered voters 947,771
Sources[10]
Footnotes:

1989 general election

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Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 171,582 27.91 –1.40 3 ±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 127,744 20.78 –5.78 2 –1
Popular Unity (HB) 92,493 15.05 –0.86 2 ±0
People's Party (PP)1 59,632 9.70 –0.97 1 ±0
Basque Country Left (EE) 48,559 7.90 –0.46 1 ±0
Basque Solidarity (EA) 48,355 7.87 New 1 +1
United Left (IU/EB) 22,169 3.61 +2.03 0 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 21,144 3.44 –1.51 0 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE) 6,589 1.07 New 0 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos) 4,682 0.76 New 0 ±0
Workers' Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Workers (PTE–EL)2 3,125 0.51 –0.61 0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 2,099 0.34 –0.10 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 546 0.09 New 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 521 0.08 New 0 ±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE) 510 0.08 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 400 0.07 –0.05 0 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3 398 0.06 –0.10 0 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))4 0 0.00 –0.12 0 ±0
Revolutionary Communist League–Communist Movement (LKI–EMK)5 0 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Blank ballots 4,176 0.68 +0.20
Total 614,724 10 ±0
Valid votes 614,724 99.03 +1.04
Invalid votes 6,044 0.97 –1.04
Votes cast / turnout 620,768 67.29 –1.03
Abstentions 301,825 32.71 +1.03
Registered voters 922,593
Sources[10]
Footnotes:

1986 general election

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Summary of the 22 June 1986 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 179,130 29.31 –4.07 3 –1
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 162,323 26.56 –3.08 3 –1
Popular Unity (HB) 97,252 15.91 +2.80 2 +1
People's Coalition (AP–PDP–PL)1 65,212 10.67 –1.35 1 ±0
Basque Country Left (EE) 51,090 8.36 +1.80 1 +1
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 30,286 4.95 +3.47 0 ±0
United Left (IU) 9,638 1.58 New 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 6,863 1.12 –1.07 0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 2,659 0.44 –0.13 0 ±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 1,397 0.23 +0.05 0 ±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 981 0.16 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 751 0.12 New 0 ±0
Republican Popular Unity (UPR)2 704 0.12 +0.05 0 ±0
Communist Movement of the Basque Country (EMK) 0 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Revolutionary Communist League (LKI) 0 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 0 0.00 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 2,935 0.48 –0.02
Total 611,221 10 ±0
Valid votes 611,221 97.99 +0.16
Invalid votes 12,549 2.01 –0.16
Votes cast / turnout 623,770 68.32 –11.20
Abstentions 289,194 31.68 +11.20
Registered voters 912,964
Sources[10]
Footnotes:

1982 general election

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Summary of the 28 October 1982 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 221,801 33.38 +4.20 4 ±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 196,974 29.64 +10.58 4 +2
Popular Unity (HB) 87,100 13.11 –1.40 1 –1
Democratic Coalition (AP–PDP–PDL–UCD)1 79,866 12.02 –8.20 1 –1
Basque Country Left–Left for Socialism (EE) 43,591 6.56 +0.71 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 14,537 2.19 –3.58 0 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 9,815 1.48 New 0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 3,815 0.57 New 0 ±0
New Force (FN)2 1,289 0.19 –1.17 0 ±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 1,225 0.18 New 0 ±0
Communist Unity Candidacy (CUC) 761 0.11 New 0 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l)) 478 0.07 New 0 ±0
Revolutionary Communist League (LKI) 0 0.00 –0.55 0 ±0
Socialist Party (PS)3 0 0.00 –0.75 0 ±0
Communist League–Internationalist Socialist Workers' Coalition (LC (COSI)) 0 0.00 New 0 ±0
Communist Movement of the Basque Country (EMK) 0 0.00 –1.32 0 ±0
Blank ballots 3,318 0.50 +0.30
Total 664,570 10 ±0
Valid votes 664,570 97.83 +0.04
Invalid votes 14,728 2.17 –0.04
Votes cast / turnout 679,298 79.52 +14.19
Abstentions 174,906 20.48 –14.19
Registered voters 854,204
Sources[10]
Footnotes:

1979 general election

edit
Summary of the 1 March 1979 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 161,480 29.18 –1.74 4 ±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE)1 105,481 19.06 –8.38 2 –1
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 88,431 15.98 –0.43 2 ±0
Popular Unity (HB)2 80,280 14.51 +10.97 2 +2
Basque Country Left (EE) 32,363 5.85 +0.42 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 31,942 5.77 +0.38 0 ±0
Foral Union of the Basque Country (UFPV)3 23,484 4.24 –2.40 0 –1
National Union (UN) 7,521 1.36 New 0 ±0
Communist Movement–Organization of Communist Left (MC–OIC) 7,292 1.32 New 0 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh)4 4,131 0.75 –0.37 0 ±0
Revolutionary Communist League (LCR)5 3,039 0.55 –0.26 0 ±0
Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT)6 2,932 0.53 +0.02 0 ±0
Carlist Party (PC) 1,380 0.25 New 0 ±0
Republican Left of the Basque Country (IR–E) 1,229 0.22 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A)) 795 0.14 New 0 ±0
Proverist Party (PPr) 500 0.09 New 0 ±0
Union for the Freedom of Speech (ULE) 0 0.00 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 1,127 0.20 –0.01
Total 553,407 10 ±0
Valid votes 553,407 97.79 +0.64
Invalid votes 12,478 2.21 –0.64
Votes cast / turnout 565,885 65.33 –11.05
Abstentions 300,300 34.67 +11.05
Registered voters 866,185
Sources[10]
Footnotes:

1977 general election

edit
Summary of the 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 171,991 30.92 n/a 4 n/a
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 140,643 25.28 n/a 3 n/a
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 91,262 16.41 n/a 2 n/a
People's Alliance (AP) 36,934 6.64 n/a 1 n/a
Basque Country Left (EE) 30,209 5.43 n/a 0 n/a
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 29,968 5.39 n/a 0 n/a
Basque Socialist Party (ESB/PSV) 15,079 2.71 n/a 0 n/a
People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US) 12,038 2.16 n/a 0 n/a
Democratic Socialist Alliance (ASDCI) 6,224 1.12 n/a 0 n/a
Basque Christian Democracy (DCV) 6,034 1.08 n/a 0 n/a
Basque Nationalist Action (EAE/ANV) 4,617 0.83 n/a 0 n/a
Front for Workers' Unity (FUT) 4,478 0.81 n/a 0 n/a
Workers' Electoral Group (AET) 2,825 0.51 n/a 0 n/a
Democratic Left Front (FDI) 2,767 0.50 n/a 0 n/a
Blank ballots 1,166 0.21 n/a
Total 556,235 10 n/a
Valid votes 556,235 97.15 n/a
Invalid votes 16,313 2.85 n/a
Votes cast / turnout 572,548 76.38 n/a
Abstentions 177,024 23.62 n/a
Registered voters 749,572
Sources[10]

Notes

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  1. ^ From 2023.
  2. ^ Until 2023.

References

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  1. ^ "Real Decreto 1037/2022, de 20 de diciembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2022" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (305): 178928–178933. 21 December 2022. ISSN 0212-033X.
  2. ^ Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política (Law 1) (in Spanish). 4 January 1977. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  3. ^ a b Constitución Española (in Spanish). 29 December 1978. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  4. ^ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  5. ^ Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  6. ^ a b Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales (Royal Decree-Law 20) (in Spanish). 18 March 1977. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  7. ^ a b Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5) (in Spanish). 19 June 1985. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  8. ^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  9. ^ "Resolución de 30 de agosto de 2023, de la Presidencia de la Junta Electoral Central, por la que se publica el resumen de los resultados de las elecciones al Congreso de los Diputados y al Senado convocadas por Real Decreto 400/2023, de 29 de mayo, y celebradas el 23 de julio de 2023, conforme a las actas de escrutinio general y de proclamación de electos remitidas por las correspondientes Juntas Electorales Provinciales y por las Juntas Electorales de Ceuta y de Melilla" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (209): 122201–122274. 1 September 2023. ISSN 0212-033X.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 April 2022.

43°15′N 2°59′W / 43.250°N 2.983°W / 43.250; -2.983

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