Bismuth subcitrate

Bismuth subcitrate
Clinical data
Routes of; administration	Oral
ATC code	A02BX05 (WHO) ;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name Bismuth(3+) potassium 2-olato-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (1:5:2);
CAS Number	880149-29-1;
PubChem CID	124490479;
DrugBank	DB09275;
ChemSpider	32821371;
UNII	BQE6KE1T4H;
KEGG	D09739;
ECHA InfoCard	100.055.320
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C12H8BiK5O14
Molar mass	780.654 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])[O-].C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])[O-].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Bi+3];

Bismuth subcitrate potassium is a bismuth salt used in combination with antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections.^[1]^[2]

A fixed-dose combination with the antibiotics metronidazole and tetracycline is sold under the trade name Pylera.^[3]

Contraindications

Side effects

A known side effect of bismuth salts is harmless and reversible darkening of tongue and stool by formation of bismuth sulfite.^[3] Other side effects of bismuth containing combination therapies are often difficult to assign to a specific component.^{[citation needed]}

Interactions

Bismuth absorption is increased by ranitidine and omeprazole.^[3]

Pharmacology

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of action of bismuth is not known. It has been reasoned to interfere with the function of the bacterial cell membrane, protein and cell wall synthesis, the enzyme urease, cell adhesion, ATP synthesis, and iron transport mechanisms.^[3]

Chemical properties

Bismuth subcitrate potassium is a salt of bismuth (Bi³⁺), potassium (K⁺) and citrate (C₆H₄O4−7) in a molar ratio of about 1:5:2, with 3 moles of water. It contains about 25.6% (mass percent) bismuth, which is the active moiety, and 22.9% potassium.^[3]^[4] Other sources give somewhat different ratios of the constituents.

References

^ "P/74/2009: European Medicines Agency decision of 20 April 2009 on the granting of a product specific waiver for Bismuth subcitrate potassium / Metronidazole / Tetracycline hydrochloride (EMEA-000382-PIP01-08) in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1901/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council as amended" (PDF). European Medicines Agency. 2009-06-10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-24. Retrieved 2017-10-24.
^ Urgesi R, Cianci R, Riccioni ME (2012). "Update on triple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori: current status of the art". Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology. 5: 151–7. doi:10.2147/CEG.S25416. PMC 3449761. PMID 23028235.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Austria-Codex (in German). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag. 2017. Pylera 140 mg/125 mg/125 mg-Hartkapseln.
^ Drugs.com: FDA Professional Drug Information for Pylera. Accessed 2017-10-27.

[1] "P/74/2009: European Medicines Agency decision of 20 April 2009 on the granting of a product specific waiver for Bismuth subcitrate potassium / Metronidazole / Tetracycline hydrochloride (EMEA-000382-PIP01-08) in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1901/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council as amended" (PDF). European Medicines Agency. 2009-06-10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-24. Retrieved 2017-10-24.

[Urgesi2012-2] Urgesi R, Cianci R, Riccioni ME (2012). "Update on triple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori: current status of the art". Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology. 5: 151–7. doi:10.2147/CEG.S25416. PMC 3449761. PMID 23028235.

[AC-3] Austria-Codex (in German). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag. 2017. Pylera 140 mg/125 mg/125 mg-Hartkapseln.

[4] Drugs.com: FDA Professional Drug Information for Pylera. Accessed 2017-10-27.

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