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In the United States, Black Identity Extremists was a designation used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from August 2017 to July 2019. It first appeared in a counterterrorism report dated August 3, 2017 sent to thousands of American police departments and described safety concerns about allegedly violent African-American activists.[1] The term was discontinued when the FBI merged several classifications under the umbrella term of “racially motivated violent extremism”.[2]
Definition
editAccording to documents obtained by The Young Turks a 2018-19 "Threat Guidance" defined Black Identity Extremists as people who "use force or violence in violation of criminal law in response to perceived racism and injustice in society". The FBI files also claim that one of the motives was "establishing a separate black homeland or autonomous black social institutions, communities or governing organizations within the USA."[3]
Reactions
editThe term first received media attention in October 2017 when Foreign Policy published a leaked copy of the report in October 2017.[4][5][6] According to Foreign Policy, the report is the first reference to "black identity extremists", while also noting the report claims "[t]he FBI assesses it is very likely Black Identity Extremist perceptions of police brutality against African Americans spurred an increase in premeditated, retaliatory lethal violence against law enforcement and will very likely serve as justification for such violence". However, former government officials and legal experts claimed the term described a movement that did not exist.[4]
Civil liberties organizations and political commentators expressed concern that the internal use of this designation by the FBI's counter-terrorism unit signals a politically-motivated effort to label black activism, such as the Black Lives Matter movement, as equivalent to white supremacists.[7][8]
In November 2017, the National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives, the nation's largest black police group, stated that the FBI designation was "ill advised."[5]
No one was ever arrested or charged with being a Black Identity Extremist, African American activist Rakem Balogun was arrested in December 2017, for possession of a firearm by a prohibited person, related to a previous domestic violence charge with an ex-girlfriend, and not for BIE.
Balogun's arrest was propagandized by his organization and supporters, who presented his arrest to several media outlets, sensationalizing it. But the facts of his arrest were only related to him possessing a firearm, while being prohibited to do so.
In March 2018, the term was discussed during a sitting of the Congressional Black Caucus.[9][10]
According to the ACLU, documents leaked by The Young Turks show that a program called IRON FIST continued to investigate Black activists, even though the label "Black Identity Extremist" was no longer used. The label was retired after objections that it inappropriately assigned a group or organizational identity without sufficient evidence to show that such a group actually existed. It has not dismantled other surveillance programs like IRON FIST, leading to criticism that the Federal government has neglected the threat posed by white supremacists to focus on targeting Black people.[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "US judge orders release of 'first Black Identity Extremist'". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ Tau, Byron (July 23, 2019). "FBI Abandons Use of Term 'Black Identity Extremism'". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
- ^ Fearnow, Benjamin. "FBI Ranks 'Black Identity Extremists' Bigger Threat Than Al Qaeda, White Supremacists: Leaked Documents". Newsweek. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
- ^ a b "The FBI's New U.S. Terrorist Threat: 'Black Identity Extremists'". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
- ^ a b "FBI's "black identity extremists" label is ill-advised, the nation's largest black police group says". Retrieved 2017-12-16.
- ^ Weinberger, Sharon. "BIE Redacted". www.documentcloud.org. Retrieved 2017-12-16.
- ^ Beydoun, Khaled A.; Hansford, Justin (2017-11-15). "Opinion | The F.B.I.'s Dangerous Crackdown on 'Black Identity Extremists'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
- ^ Kortyka, Lindsey. "Who Are "Black Identity Extremists"? The FBI Identified Them As A New Domestic Terror Threat". Bustle. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
- ^ "Congressional Black Caucus". Congressional Black Caucus. 2018-03-20. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ "US legislators worried by FBI term 'Black Identity Extremist'". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ "Leaked FBI Documents Raise Concerns About Targeting Black People Under 'Black Identity Extremist' and Newer Labels". ACLU. Retrieved 14 September 2022.