The blue-winged amazon (Amazona gomezgarzai) is a proposed Central American species of parrot living in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. It was described in 2017 in the journal PeerJ;[1] however, its existence as a distinct wild species native to the Yucatan Peninsula has been questioned.[2][3][4] A critique published in the journal Zootaxa identified numerous weaknesses with the description and suggested that the most plausible hypothesis was that the two specimens on which the description was based were hybrids.[2]
| Blue-winged amazon | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Psittaciformes |
| Family: | Psittacidae |
| Genus: | Amazona |
| Species: | A. gomezgarzai
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| Binomial name | |
| Amazona gomezgarzai Silva, Guzman, Urantowka & Mackiewicz 2017
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Description
editThe proposed species was described as having an average body length of 25 cm (9.8 in) and a body weight of 200 g (7.1 oz). It is characterized by distinct sexual dimorphism, with males larger than females. Depending on the sex, wing length is 170–175 mm (6.7–6.9 in) and the tail length is 84–90 mm (3.3–3.5 in). Most of the body is covered with green plumage. However, these parrots differ in size and detail of the colors of the plumage from other Amazons found on the Yucatan peninsula (i.e., the white-fronted amazon – Amazona albifrons and the Yucatan amazon – Amazona xantholora).
The forehead and feathers around the male's eye are red. In females, red feathers are restricted to the forehead. Remiges (primaries and secondaries) are blue and green. The tail feathers are green with blue and green tips and red spots on the inner side.[1]
Call
editThey produce distinctive loud, sharp and repetitive sounds that resemble a hawk, a natural predator of these birds. It is possible that this sound is used to alert other birds. The syllables are 3–5 times longer than those of white-fronted amazon and Yucatan amazon.[1]
Behaviour
editThey live in groups up to a dozen individuals. Couples and their adult offspring tend to remain together as a group.[1]
Taxonomy
editGenetic analyzes based on mitochondrial DNA indicate close affinity with the white-fronted amazon and suggests that the blue-winged amazon could be a subspecies of it. However, this may be due to the introgression of mitochondrial DNA or too little variation in the loci examined. It is possible that the new species has evolved relatively recently (about 120,000 years ago) within one of the white-fronted amazon populations.[1]
The proposed species was reported as discovered in 2014 by veterinarian and researcher at the Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), Miguel Ángel Gómez Garza, during one of his expeditions on the Yucatan Peninsula and was described by Tony Silva and colleagues.[1] The species has yet to be recognized by leading taxonomic authorities including the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the International Ornithologists' Union (IOU), or the American Ornithological Society (AOS).
Controversy
editOne of the authors, Tony Silva, was prosecuted in Chicago in March 1996 because he attempted to illegally introduce hundreds of exotic birds to the United States from Mexico and Central America,[5][6] and, the original collector was reportedly and assessor in 2019 of Roberto Chavarria Gallegos, the then director of Parks and Wildlife of Nuevo Leon, who was denounced for the supposed illegal acquisition of 6 flamingos for the Zoo "La Pastora" from a suspected phantom wildlife trader.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f Silva, Tony; Guzmán, Antonio; Urantówka, Adam D.; Mackiewicz, Paweł (2017). "A new parrot taxon from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico—its position within genus Amazona based on morphology and molecular phylogeny". PeerJ. 5: e3475. doi:10.7717/peerj.3475. PMC 5490482. PMID 28674651.
- ^ a b Escalante, Patricia; Arteaga-Rojas, Abigail Eunice; Gutiérrez-Sánchez-Rüed, Mauricio (14 May 2018). "A new species of Mexican parrot? Reasonable doubt on the status of Amazona gomezgarzai (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae)". Zootaxa. 4420 (1): 139–147. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4420.1.9. PMID 30313559 – via www.mapress.com.
- ^ "This New Parrot Species Sounds Like a Hawk". 27 June 2017. Archived from the original on June 27, 2017.
- ^ Gibson, Olivia (27 June 2017). "New parrot species identified in Mexico, study says". CNN.
- ^ O'Connor, Matt (19 November 1996). "Bird smuggler will roost in prison". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Parrot advocate admits smuggling". Chicago Tribune. 31 January 1996. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ Torres, David. "Gestión de Director de Parques y Vida Silvestre marcada por la polémica". Info7. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
Further reading
edit- Jessica Wapner (2017-06-27). "Blue-winged Amazon: Beautiful New Parrot Species With Very Loud Voice Discovered in Mexico". Newsweek. Retrieved 2017-07-24.
- "Blue-winged Amazon: A new parrot species from the Yucatán Peninsula". ScienceDaily. 2017-06-27. Retrieved 2017-07-24.
- "Red-faced encounter: rare new species of parrot discovered in Mexico". Guardian News and Media Limited. 2017-06-27. Retrieved 2017-07-24.
- Ian Johnston (2017-06-27). "'Unique' parrot species with a call like a hawk discovered in Mexico". The Independent. Retrieved 2017-07-24.