The Blue Dot Network (BDN) is a multilateral organisation that promotes a certification framework for quality infrastructure projects. The initiative is a joint project of the governments of Australia, the Czech Republic, Japan, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and the United States that supports investment in high-quality infrastructure projects around the world, especially by the private sector.[1][2][3]
 | |
 Blue Dot Network Map | |
| Formation | November 4, 2019 |
|---|---|
| Founders | |
| Purpose | Provide assessment and certification of infrastructure development projects |
| Headquarters | Paris |
| Location |
|
Region served | Americas, Asia, Europe, Oceania |
Membership | Australia, Czech Republic, Japan, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States |
| Website | www.state.gov/blue-dot-network |
It was founded in 2019 with $60 billion in initial funding. In 2021, the success of the program influenced the adoption of the Build Back Better World (B3W) initiative by the Group of Seven (G7) nations.
The Blue Dot Network certification is developed by the Blue Dot Secretariat with the support of the OECD.[4] The Blue Dot Network Secretariat is an independent entity hosted at the OECD.
The program has been seen as a response to China's Belt and Road Initiative international development project.[5][6]
Purpose and design
editThe Blue Dot Network is a project-level quality infrastructure certification, which seeks to ensure that the certified projects advance the following goals:[7]
- Promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth and development.
- Promote market-driven and private sector led investment, supported by judicious use of public funds.
- Support sound public financial management, debt transparency, and project-level and country-level debt sustainability.
- Build projects that are resilient to climate change, disasters, and other risks, and aligned with the pathways towards 2050 net-zero emissions needed to keep global temperature change of 1.5 degrees Celsius within reach.
- Ensure value-for-money over an asset's full life-cycle cost.
- Build local capacity, with a focus on local skills transfer and local capital markets.
- Promote protections against corruption, while encouraging transparent procurement and consultation processes.
- Uphold international best practices of environmental and social safeguards, including respect for labour and human rights.
- Promote the non-discriminatory use of infrastructure services.
- Advance inclusion for women, people with disabilities, and underrepresented and marginalised groups.
Standards are set by the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation,[5] and are meant to assess environmental sustainability, financial transparency, and economic impact.[8] The network relies solely on private sector funding and lacks any lending capacity.[6] The BDN certification draws from existing standards like the G20 Principles for Quality Infrastructure Investment, the G7 Charlevoix Commitment on Innovative Financing for Development, the Equator Principles, and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. Projects are evaluated on a scale and can be awarded up to three blue dots, similar to the Michelin star rating system.[9]
According to the OECD, the Blue Dot Network certification can catalyse greater private sector investment into infrastructure projects, especially in developing economies, by assuring investors that key risks have been assessed and mitigated by the project.[10]
History
editFounding
edit
The Blue Dot Network principles were outlined by David Bohigian, Acting CEO of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, in a Washington Times opinion piece on 15 November 2018.[11] On 4 November 2019, Bohigian[12][13] and U.S. Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment Keith Krach formally launched the Blue Dot Network with Australian and Japanese counterparts at the Indo-Pacific Business Forum (IPBF) in Bangkok, Thailand on the sidelines of the 35th ASEAN Summit. The announcement was led by the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation, Australia Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and Japan Bank for International Cooperation.
Bohigian and Australian and Japanese government officials emphasized that the infrastructure built under the project would be high quality. He also highlighted the differences between BDN and China's Belt and Road Initiative, noting that infrastructure development is beneficial "when it is led by the private sector and supported on terms that are transparent, sustainable, and socially and environmentally responsible".[6] The U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken stated in 2021 that the Blue Dot Network was not aimed against the Belt and Road Initiative but that it seeks to promote "a race to the top when it comes to infrastructure, making sure that these investments are made with quality in mind, with communities in mind, with environmental impact in mind, with the rights and responsibilities of all of the stakeholders, including labor, in mind".[14]
The U.S. International Development Finance Corporation managed to raise $60 billion for the project.[15] In January 2020, the U.S. announced the commitment of $2 million in seed money and invited all G-7 member nations to join.[16]
The project is named after the book Pale Blue Dot by Carl Sagan.[6]
Development
edit
In June 2021, the G-7 announced the adoption of the Build Back Better World (B3W) initiative built off the progress and principles of the Blue Dot Network to counter China's BRI.[17][18]
In March 2022, the OECD launched a proposal for the Blue Dot Network, which it described as a "voluntary, private-sector focused, government-supported project-level certification scheme developed in alignment" with international standards.[19] The proposed certification framework has been tested with a set of pilot projects, including in energy, transport, water, and ICT sectors. The projects have included projects by notable multinational companies, like Enel and Microsoft.[20]
In December 2023, the OECD Council agreed to establish the Blue Dot Network Secretariat to oversee and govern the certification framework's global launch in 2024.[21]
Expanding membership
editIn 2023, several countries joined the original three founding governments as members of the Blue Dot Network:
- In April, the United Kingdom announced that it joined the network's Steering Committee.[9]
- In May, following a meeting between Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez and President Joe Biden at the White House, Spain announced that it has joined the Blue Dot Network.[22]
- In July, following a meeting between Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and President Biden at the White House, Italy announced its intention to join the Blue Dot Network.[23]
- In November, the Czech Republic and Switzerland joined the Blue Dot Network.[24][25]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Jagannath Panda (31 July 2020). "Shinzo Abe's infrastructure diplomacy". asiatimes.com. Asia Times. Archived from the original on 23 August 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
- ^ "Explained: What is the Blue Dot network, on the table during Trump visit to India". Indian Express. 26 February 2020. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
- ^ Kuo, Mercy A. (7 April 2020). "Blue Dot Network: The Belt and Road Alternative". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 14 April 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
- ^ OECD (2022). "OECD and the Blue Dot Network".
- ^ a b Hicks, William. "US counters China with Blue Dot Network". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
- ^ a b c d Terza, Rob La (11 November 2019). "Connecting the Dots- the U.S.' Answer to the BRI?". U.S.-China Perception Monitor. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
- ^ U.S. Department of State (2023). "Blue Dot Network Vision Statement".
- ^ "Asian Countries Welcome G7's Answer to China's One Belt, One Road Program". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
- ^ a b Murphy, Erin L. (20 April 2023). "Blue Dot Network Gains Momentum". Commentary. Center for Strategic and International Studies.
- ^ OECD (2021). "Towards a global certification framework for quality infrastructure investment: Private sector and civil society perspectives on the Blue Dot Network" (PDF).
- ^ "How America can help advance global security in the Indo-Pacific region | The Washington Times". The Washington Times.
- ^ "US backs infrastructure scheme to rival China's Belt and Road | Financial Times". Financial Times.
- ^ "The Launch of Multi-Stakeholder Blue Dot Network | DFC". U.S. International Development Finance Corporation.
- ^ U.S. Department of State (5 October 2021). "Secretary Antony J. Blinken at Blue Dot Network Discussion".
- ^ Panda, Dr. Jagannath P. "India, the Blue Dot Network, and the "Quad Plus" Calculus" (PDF). Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs.
- ^ "US-Led Initiative Aims to Make Mark on Global Infrastructure Development | Voice of America - English". 31 January 2020.
- ^ "Asian Countries Welcome G7's Answer to China's One Belt, One Road Program".
- ^ "FACT SHEET: President Biden and G7 Leaders Launch Build Back Better World (B3W) Partnership". 12 June 2021.
- ^ OECD (2022). "The Blue Dot Network: A proposal for a global certification framework for quality infrastructure investment".
- ^ U.S. Department of State (24 April 2023). "Blue Dot Network Criteria: Relevant, Achievable, Aligned with International Standards".
- ^ Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (19 December 2023). "Blue Dot Network".
- ^ White House (12 May 2023). "Readout of President Joe Biden's Meeting with President Pedro Sanchez of Spain".
- ^ White House (27 July 2023). "Joint Statement from President Biden and Prime Minister Meloni".
- ^ Official Twitter Channel of the Czech Ministry of Industry and Trade (27 November 2023). "Tweet by the Official Twitter Channel of the Czech Ministry of Industry and Trade".
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ U.S. Department of State (22 November 2023). "Joint Statement from the United States, Japan, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Spain on Switzerland Joining the Blue Dot Network Steering Committee".