Blue Ridge Ophiolite is an ultramafic series of pods found in the Blue Ridge Mountains of the Appalachian mountain chain.[1] The pods formed before the Taconic orogeny.[1] Throughout the middle and late Ordovician period, the rocks were affected by regional metamorphism leading to resulting in altered mineralogy for some pods.[2]
Location
editThe Blue Ridge Ophiolite occurs frequently throughout the Appalachian Mountains.[1] There are many pods located in the western parts of North Carolina such as the Newdale, Daybook, and Buck Creek Dunite.[3] Some of these also pods extend into Tennessee and South Carolina.[3]
Mineralogy
editThe Blue Ridge Ophiolite can be broken up into two categories: altered and unaltered.[4]
Unaltered ultramafic
editThe majority of the Blue Ridge Ophiolite has minimal altered composition of dunite.[4] Forsterite is the main olivine endmember most consistently found in samples of the Blue Ridge Ophiolite.[4] Other minerals found in noticeable amounts in the formation are orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and chromite.[4] In rare cases garnets and plagioclase can be found in some samples.[1] Unaltered samples of the Blue Ridge Ophiolite are green or brown. Samples tend to have a grainy texture like sugar, with conchoidal fracture. In thin section the most abundant and easiest to identify mineral is olivine, about 60% to 80% of the thin section.[3]
Altered ultramafic
editThe mineralogy of these pods of the Blue Ridge Ophiolite show evidence of metamorphism through their specific altered metamorphic mineralogy involving fluids.[3] Minerals that appear in these rocks along with olivine are chlorite, talc, phlogopite, tremolite, and hornblende.[4] Fluid and differential stress are major factors leading to the formation of metamorphic minerals in these rocks.[2] When minerals like olivine are introduced to water they break down to form talc, and then through further alterations phlogopite[2] can form. Through reworking, the minerals can form phyllite and other metamorphic textures.[2] Altered samples of the Blue Ridge Ophiolite are green, with white and black crystals that are visible. In thin section some samples have no olivine such as the sample form Todd, North Carolina. Altered minerals that can be seen in thin section are chlorite and chromite.[3]
Formation
editEvidence points to the protolith being from a mid-ocean ridge mafic rock around the time of the Taconic orogeny.[5][1] Early Ordovician era tectonic activity is the cause of first metamorphism of ophiolite pods in what would later become the Blue Ridge Mountains.[1] The oldest dated sample of the Blue Ridge Ophiolite at Buck Creek, North Carolina, is 458 million years old.[5] These were dated using Rhenium–osmium dating to determine the age.[6] The use of examination of chromite in rock samples show deformation as far back as the early to middle Ordovician era.[3] Middle Ordovician deformation caused other metamorphic suites in the Appalachian Mountains and buried and altered ophiolite pods throughout the region.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Anderson, Eric Douglas; Moecher, David P. (2009). "Formation of high-pressure metabasites in the southern Appalachian Blue Ridge via Taconic continental subduction beneath the Laurentian margin". Tectonics. 28 (5): n/a. Bibcode:2009Tecto..28.5012A. doi:10.1029/2008TC002319. ISSN 1944-9194. S2CID 128512549.
- ^ a b c d Kulp, John Laurence; Brobst, Donald Albert (1954-03-01). "Notes on the dunite and the geochemistry of vermiculite at the Day Book dunite deposit, Yancey County, North Carolina". Economic Geology. 49 (2): 211–220. Bibcode:1954EcGeo..49..211K. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.49.2.211. ISSN 1554-0774.
- ^ a b c d e f Lipin, Bruce R. (1984-05-01). "Chromite from the Blue Ridge Province of North Carolina". American Journal of Science. 284 (4–5): 507–529. Bibcode:1984AmJS..284..507L. doi:10.2475/ajs.284.4-5.507. ISSN 0002-9599.
- ^ a b c d e Raymond, Loren A.; Swanson, Samuel E.; Love, Anthony B.; Allan, James F. (2003). "Cr-spinel compositions, metadunite petrology, and the petrotectonic history of Blue Ridge ophiolites, Southern Appalachian Orogen, USA". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 218 (1): 253–278. Bibcode:2003GSLSP.218..253R. doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.2003.218.01.14. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 128634479.
- ^ a b Peterson, Virginia; Ryan, Jeffrey G.; Participants, 1997-1998 Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) Site Program (2009-03-01). "Petrogenesis and structure of the Buck Creek mafic-ultramafic suite, southern Appalachians: Constraints on ophiolite evolution and emplacement in collisional orogensBuck Creek complex petrogenesis". GSA Bulletin. 121 (3–4): 615–629. doi:10.1130/B26302.1. ISSN 0016-7606.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Shen, J.J.; Papanastassiou, D.A.; Wasserburg, G.J. (1996-08-01). "Precise Re-Os determinations and systematics of iron meteorites". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 60 (15): 2887–2900. Bibcode:1996GeCoA..60.2887S. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(96)00120-2. ISSN 0016-7037.