Bongbong Marcos began his presidency at noon on June 30, 2022, following his inauguration as the 17th president of the Philippines, succeeding Rodrigo Duterte. His term is expected to expire six years later, on June 30, 2028. He entered into office amid COVID-19 Omicron variant, and the impact of Russian invasion of Ukraine.
 | |
| Presidency of Bongbong Marcos June 30, 2022 – present | |
Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. | |
| Cabinet | See list |
| Party | Partido Federal ng Pilipinas |
| Election | 2022 |
| Seat | Malacañang Palace, Manila |
| Official website | |
Marcos initially downsized government bureaucracy, especially in the executive branch of the government.[1] His administration oversaw the post-pandemic return to normalcy with the gradual reopening of the economy, return of face-to-face/physical classes, removal of stringent travel restrictions,[2] and the lifting of the mask-wearing mandate for outdoor and indoor settings. He also sought to address the rising inflation and shortage of the country's food supply during the beginning of his presidency.
As president, Marcos signed into law the creation of the Maharlika Investment Fund, the first sovereign wealth fund of the Philippines.[3] Under his term, the Philippines ratified the RCEP in February, and entered into force in June 2023.[4][5] Marcos also went on many foreign trips in hopes to attract more foreign investments in the country. During his term, many Filipinos said they felt unsafe on streets, and the country's drug problem has increased.[6] By the first quarter of 2024, Marcos' performance and trust ratings had dropped significantly, marking an erosion of public trust in him and his administration.[7][8]
Tension in the South China Sea rises during his administration, with more clashes between the Philippine forces and the Chinese Navy and Coast Guard. A Filipino soldier lost his finger during one of the clash and several ramming incidents damaged both Philippine and Chinese vessels. The Philippines also virtually lost control of the Sabina Shoal during his watch.[9][10]
As the son of 10th president Ferdinand Marcos (who was in power from 1965 to 1986), Bongbong Marcos's presidential candidacy has been controversial, receiving criticism from several groups due to his father's regime—a period characterized by violence and oppression against those opposed to his regime,[11][12] political turmoil, and widespread corruption.[13] Some scholars have noted that his campaign was driven by a massive misinformation campaign aimed at revamping the Marcos brand and smearing his rivals;[14][15] Marcos has stated he won't engage in negative and hateful campaigning and has repeatedly declined joining debates that may lead to such.[16][17]
With just less than two years in office, more Filipinos have become dissatisfied with the administration of Bongbong Marcos, according to the survey conducted by Publicus Asia Inc. from November 29 to December 4, 2023. Economic concerns, rising inflation, joblessness, low wages, and a perceived lack of productivity are some of the emerging factors behind the drop in pro-administration support. The survey also noted that the "Duterte effect" still persists, with opposition parties grappling with the discreditation of the previous administration.[18]
Election, transition, and inauguration
edit
Marcos ran for president on a campaign platform centered on national unity and continuity of the policies of Rodrigo Duterte, his predecessor.[20][21] He won the 2022 elections, receiving 31,629,783 (58.77%) votes out of a total of 56,097,722, beating his closest rival, Liberal Party member and Vice President Leni Robredo by over 15 million votes.[22]
Marcos became the first candidate in the history of the Fifth Republic to win by a majority, scoring nearly 59 percent of the vote. His 31,629,783 votes was not only the highest count ever recorded in a presidential election, but close to the sum total of the two previous records combined.
Marcos's presidential transition began on May 25, 2022, when the Congress of the Philippines proclaimed his candidacy as the winner of the 2022 Philippine presidential election held on May 9, 2022.[23]
_(cropped).jpg)
Marcos was inaugurated as the seventeenth president of the Philippines on June 30, 2022, at the National Museum of Fine Arts. He was sworn in by Alexander Gesmundo, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines.[24] The inaugural ceremony was notable for his meeting with outgoing president Rodrigo Duterte at the Malacañang Palace whose departure honors were also held at the complex, the military-civic parade, and his 25-minute speech that gives a view of what his presidency will look like.[25][26]
Quirino Grandstand was the original venue for Marcos's inauguration. It was moved to the National Museum since the Manila COVID-19 Field Hospital still occupied the site at the time of the inauguration.
Major activities
editSpeeches
edit- Inaugural Address (June 30, 2022)[27]
- First State of the Nation Address (July 25, 2022)[28]
- Second State of the Nation Address (July 24, 2023)[29]
- Third State of the Nation Address (July 22, 2024)[30]
Major acts and legislation
editMarcos has signed 143 bills into law, 43 of which are national in scope.
Executive issuances
editBongbong Marcos has signed a total of 74 executive orders, 730 proclamations, 25 administrative orders, 31 memorandum orders, 72 memorandum circulars, and one special order.[31]
National budget
edit| R. A. No. | Title | Principal Sponsor | Date signed | Ref(s). |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11936 | General Appropriations Act of 2023 | Sonny Angara | December 16, 2022 | [32][33][34] |
| 11975 | General Appropriations Act of 2024 | December 20, 2023 | [35] |
Leadership style
editMarcos's leadership style was described by his press secretary Trixie Cruz-Angeles as being "more systematic and efficient", compared to his predecessor Rodrigo Duterte, who was driven by passion.[36] Cruz-Angeles described Marcos as "conservative", and "very up to date" with technology and global issues.[37]
Marcos, in contrast with his predecessor Duterte, is noted for consistently limiting his exposure to journalists and the media. During his presidential campaign, Marcos was criticized for eluding debates and media interviews. After assuming office, he signed his second executive order abolishing the presidential spokesperson position and replacing it with a press secretary. Under Marcos, the Malacañang Palace holds fewer press briefings than the Duterte administration, typically holding a single press briefing per week. The Marcos administration also created a "pool" system, in which the Presidential Communications Office limits the number of media members who could attend press briefings or cover certain events.[38]
Marcos said he would sometimes consult his wife, Liza Araneta, who is a lawyer, regarding "legal matters", saying "I'm not a lawyer, so I need an expert opinion".[39]
Administration and cabinet
editMarcos began naming his Cabinet members on May 12, 2022.[40] Following his presidential inauguration, he administered a mass oath-taking of his Cabinet officials.[41]
Marcos appointed his long time chief-of-staff and spokesperson, Vic Rodriguez as his Executive Secretary.[42] Upon the recommendation of his Chief Presidential Legal Counsel, Juan Ponce Enrile, Marcos rejected the plan of Rodriguez to grant himself additional powers as Marcos's new Presidential Chief of Staff following his resignation as Executive Secretary on September 17 due to issues involving his roles in the sugar importation order fiasco and contentious appointments of some government officials.[43][44] He was replaced by former Supreme Court Chief Justice Lucas Bersamin on September 27.[45]
On October 4, Marcos reappointed 10 cabinet members after they were bypassed by the Commission on Appointments (COA) on September 28;[46] COA chairperson Jose Calida and Press Secretary Trixie Cruz-Angeles resigned the same day.[47][48]
First 100 days
editThe Marcos administration faced challenges during this period such as a domestic sugar supply shortage in mid-2022, rising inflation rate brought about by the pandemic, and the economic effects of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[citation needed]
Immediately after taking his oath of office on June 30, 2022, Marcos, in an attempt to "achieve simplicity, economy, and efficiency in the bureaucracy", issued his first executive order abolishing both the Presidential Anti-Corruption Commission created by President Duterte in 2017 and the Office of the Cabinet Secretary.[87] The Marcos administration launched its COVID-19 booster shot campaign, PinasLakas, to administer booster doses to at least 23 million Filipinos during Marcos's first 100 days,[88] but managed to boost only 3.5 million.[89] Marcos issued an executive order allowing voluntary use of face masks in outdoor settings,[90] and extended from September 13 to December 31, 2022, the period of the state of calamity declared by his predecessor, Rodrigo Duterte, due to the COVID-19.[91]
The Marcos administration launched its anti-illegal drug campaign, Buhay Ingatan, Droga'y Ayawan (BIDA), which commits to continue the war on drugs "within the framework of the law and with respect for human rights and with focus on rehabilitation and socio-economic development".[92]
Domestic affairs
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022) |
10-point agenda
editMarcos launched a 10-point agenda as part of his vision to further boost economic growth and rejuvenate the country's prosperity in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Marcos's agenda includes the following:[93]
- National Reopening- aimed to reopen the face to face classes in schools throughout the country, and revitalize the country's tourism sectors.[93]
- Public-Private Partnership- aimed to further deepen the engagements of the public and private sectors to further boost investments.[93]
- Infrastructure Development- expansion of the Build! Build! Build! program under the Build Better More program.[93]
- Fiscal Discipline- aimed to efficiency in tax collection through digitization.[93]
- Transparent & Efficient Governance- establish efficiency in government processes through online systems and combat red tape.[93]
- Digital Philippines- implementation of the Broadband ng Masa (BBM) program set to improve the country's internet services.[93]
- Energy Security- boost local power generation and capacity through renewable energy sources and proper distribution.[93]
- Future-ready Filipinos- provide quality education through top notch learning materials and technology tools.[93]
- Affordable Healthcare- lower cost of medicines, expand pandemic preparedness, and build regional specialty hospitals.[93]
- Food for All- increase agricultural output and improve the supply chain.[93]
Agriculture and agrarian reform
edit_outlet_in_Koronadal_City,_South_Cotabato_(03).jpg)
Subsequently serving as the Secretary of Agriculture, Marcos launched initiatives which aims to improve domestic agricultural output and production, while expanding measures to further establish a farm-to-market approach in providing agricultural products to local markets and far flung areas.[94][95] In August 2022, as high sugar prices impacted the country due to the effects of Typhoon Odette in December 2021, the Sugar Regulatory Administration (SRA) in August 2022 released an order to import 300,000 metric tons (660,000,000 lb) of sugar, which is aimed to reduce costs and increase the sugar stockpiles. A few days later, Marcos rejected the proposed importation, [96] and Malacañang deemed the move as illegal, as the move was made without Marcos's approval, nor signed by him.[97] SRA Undersecretary Leocadio Sebastian later apologized for the move and later resigned his post on Marcos; behalf,[98] prompting SRA Administrator Hermenegildo Serafica and SRA board member Roland Beltran to follow suit a few days later.[99] The move also caused Malacañang to instigate reforms within the SRA organization, [100] and launched a campaign into alleged efforts of using the sugar order as a "cover measure" for hoarding by sugar traders.[101]
In November 2022, Marcos expanded the Kadiwa Project launched by the Duterte administration, which aims to offer fresh local produces to local markets and other key areas in lower prices, and creates a direct farm-to-market approach of goods and services.[102][103] The programs is located in various areas throughout the country and temporarily occupies various facilities owned by local governments. The move is also aimed to be expanded permanently to accommodate more consumers affected by inflation.[104]
In January 2023, amid rising prices of onions in the country, Marcos approved the importation of 21,060 metric tons (46,430,000 lb) of onions to cater the gap caused by low local outputs,[105] and stated that the government was "left without a choice" despite approving the smuggled onions to be supplied in local markets.[106]
Marcos signed his fourth executive order on September 14, 2022, which establishes a one-year moratorium on the amortization and interest payments of agrarian reform beneficiaries. The move is seen to assist farmers from debt payments and allows a flexible approach in financial assistance.[107]
In July 2023, Marcos signed the New Agrarian Emancipation Act, freeing at least 600,000 agrarian reform beneficiaries of decades-old debts worth ₱57-billion under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program.[108]
After serving as Secretary of Agriculture for over a year that was marked by a rise in food prices, Marcos relinquished his position and appointed Francisco Tiu Laurel Jr., president of a deep-sea fishing company and a donor to Marcos' 2022 presidential election campaign.[109]Agrarian reform
editOn his 65th birthday, September 14, 2022, Marcos signed his fourth executive order imposing a one-year moratorium on the amortization and interest payments of agrarian reform beneficiaries, which is seen to "lead to freedom of farmers from debts".[110]
‘Bagong Pilipinas’ hymn, pledge and slogan
edit
On June 4, 2024, Marcos Jr., through Executive Secretary Lucas Bersamin, signed Memorandum Circular No. 52, directing all government agencies and schools to include the recitation of the Bagong Pilipinas hymn - Panahon na ng Pagbabago and Panata sa Bagong Pilipinas pledge in weekly flag ceremonies. Critics argued that the memorandum violates Republic Act No. 8491 or the "Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines".[112] The new hymn has also been noted for resembling the Bagong Pagsilang hymn of the martial law era of Marcos' father. Earlier in July 2023, Marcos Jr. also ordered government agencies to include Bagong Pilipinas slogan in their programs and projects.[113]
Censorship
editUnder the Marcos administration, the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB) in December 2023 suspended for 14 days two shows of media network SMNI, Laban Kasama ang Bayan (LKB) and President Duterte's platform Gikan sa Masa, Para sa Masa; the MTRCB said the suspension was made due to an "unverified news report" made by a LKB host and former communist rebel Jeffrey "Ka Eric" Celiz suggesting that House Speaker Martin Romualdez had travel funds worth ₱1.8 billion and complaints that a death threat to leftist ACT Teachers Representative France Castro was allegedly made by Duterte in the Gikan sa Masa, Para sa Masa show.[114] Two days later, the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) suspended SMNI for 30 days after the House of Representatives adopted a resolution filed by PBA Partylist Representative Margarita Nograles, who claimed that the network was propagating false information.[115] On January 23, 2024, the NTC ordered the indefinite suspension of SMNI on all radio and TV stations, on grounds that SMNI "failed to strictly comply with the thirty-day suspension order".[116]
Crime
editFollowing a meeting on July 27, 2022, with Solicitor General Menardo Guevarra, Presidential Legal Adviser Juan Ponce Enrile, Executive Secretary Vic Rodriguez, Foreign Affairs Secretary Enrique Manalo, Justice Secretary Jesus Crispin Remulla, and lawyer Harry Roque, Marcos, on August 1, said that the Philippines has no intention of rejoining the International Criminal Court (ICC), maintaining that deaths linked to the War on Drugs of the Duterte administration are already being investigated by the Philippine government.[117] By September 9, the deadline imposed by the ICC Office of the Prosecutor's (OTP) for the Philippine government to comment on the resumption of the investigation on the war on drugs, Guevara formally requested the ICC to deny the request of the ICC-OTP to resume the investigation; Guevara maintained that "the alleged murder incidents that happened during the relevant period do not constitute 'crimes against humanity', considering that said incidents do not qualify as an 'attack' against the civilian population".[118] In January 2024, Marcos stated he considers the ICC investigation a threat to the Philippines' sovereignty, adding he "will not lift a finger" to assist any ICC investigation.[119] However, former Senator and President Duterte's staunch critic Antonio Trillanes remarked on April 24, 2024, that ICC investigators have "already directly communicated with more than 50 active and former PNP [police] officials" regarding their implication in the drug war.[120]
According to the Philippine National Police, index crimes dropped 11.67% in Marcos's first two months compared to the same period a year prior.[121] Amid a series of reported abductions in the country, several senators urged Marcos to issue a strong directive and act swiftly on the matter.[122] On September 15, the Senate initiated a probe into the series of kidnapping cases.[123]
Drug policy
editMarcos declared his intention to continue the war on drugs of the Duterte administration. By September 13, Marcos explained that the war on illegal drugs is "of internal matter", opting to leave it out of his First State of the Nation Address; he said a working group was still formulating policies for his anti-drug campaign, with a focus on prevention and rehabilitation.[124]
On October 7, the Marcos administration launched its anti-illegal drug campaign, Buhay Ingatan, Droga'y Ayawan (BIDA), which commits to continue the war on drugs "within the framework of the law and with respect for human rights and with focus on rehabilitation and socio-economic development".[125]
Culture
editIn May 2023, Marcos signed an executive order forming an advisory and management center to ensure efficient management of the Malacañang Heritage Mansions.[126][127] On August 24, 2023, he signed into law Republic Act No. 11961, strengthening the conservation and protection of Philippine cultural heritage.[128]
Decentralization
editMarcos suspended for one year and ordered a review of Executive Order 138 (EO 138) issued by President Duterte in 2021 that directs the full devolution of some executive functions to local government units. Marcos maintained that under EO 138, 4th, 5th, and 6th class municipalities will get poorer due to the extra functions that will be devolved; he added that "functions that belong to the national government should belong, should stay with the national government".[129][130][131]
Defense
edit
In August 2022, the Marcos administration said it was considering ordering helicopters from the United States military, such as the Boeing CH-47 Chinook, to replace the 16 Russian Mil Mi-17 military helicopters purchased by the Duterte administration, but cancelled the program a few days before the end of Duterte's term out of concerns about existing United States sanctions such as the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) and possible future sanctions in response to the ongoing 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Negotiations are also ongoing to procure limited units which was paid by the government to Rosoboronexport.[132][133]
Marcos expressed support for the AFP Modernization Program,[134] which aims to boost the country's defense capabilities. Stating that the country's external security situation is becoming "more complex and unpredictable", Marcos ordered the Armed Forces of the Philippines to shift its focus on its defense operations against external threats, due to the lower risks in the country's insurgencies, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and the potential Chinese invasion of Taiwan.[135][136]
During the 125th-anniversary celebration of the Philippine Navy, Marcos announced plans to acquire the Philippines' first submarine. The French-based Naval Group, along with other contenders, has offered its Scorpène-class submarines to strengthen the Navy.[137]
With an aim to enhance the country's defense capabilities, Marcos has approved the "Re-Horizon 3" of the AFP Modernization Program, which is also known as the RAFMP. The $35 billion plan revised modernization program will be spread out over 10 years and aims to modernize the Armed Forces of the Philippines based on the Comprehensive Archipelagic Defense Concept (CADC), a defense concept aimed at strengthening the country's external defense deterrence by projecting power within the Philippine's 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone, Benham Rise, the Luzon Strait, and the Sulu Sea through inter-island defenses doctrines, multi-layered domain strategies, and long-range strike capabilities.[138] The concept also aims to strengthen the country's aerial and maritime domain awareness, connectivity, and intelligence capabilities.[139][140][141]Disaster resilience
editAfter a 7.0 magnitude earthquake hit Luzon a few weeks after his presidential inauguration, Marcos rejected creating an executive department dedicated to disaster resilience, agreeing with his sister (Senator Imee Marcos), who said that creating a disaster response body under the Office of the President instead would "save the government a lot of money".[142][143] In April 2023, Bongbong Marcos signed an executive order creating a disaster preparedness and response task force.[144]
Economy
edit| Year | Quarter | Growth rate (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 3rd | 7.6[145] |
| 4th | 7.2[146] | |
| 2023 | 1st | 6.4[147] |
| 2nd | 4.3[148] | |
| 3rd | 6.0[149] | |
| 4th | 5.6[149] | |
| 2024 | 1st | 5.7[150] |
| 2nd | 6.3[151] | |
| 3rd | ||
| 4th |
Marcos prioritized the revival of the country's economy in the aftermath of the lockdowns and restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the country, and laid out his eight-point economic agenda aimed to address the country's economic problems in the medium term, which included food security, supply chain management, decreasing energy costs and preserving energy security, reducing economic vulnerability from the pandemic by addressing health care issues and strengthening social protection, infrastructure development, creating a green economy, strengthening market competition, and promoting entrepreneurship.[152]
During his first State of the Nation Address, Marcos laid out his administration's economic vision and targets throughout his term, such as a 6.5 to 7.5% real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate, with a 6.5 to 8% annual real GDP growth rate, a 9% or single-digit poverty rate by 2028, a 3% national government deficit-to-GDP ratio by 2028, lowering the country's debt-to-GDP ratio to less than 60% by 2025, and securing an upper middle-income status by 2024 with a US$4,256 income per capita, which is part of his 2023–2028 fiscal strategy. Marcos also supports the creation of additional economic zones in various areas of the country to attract investments in manufacturing, healthcare, and technology, and laid out plans to impose digital taxes and improve the country's tax compliance procedures which should improve revenue collections and cut the country's debts, while maintaining the country's disbursements at above 20 percent of its GDP.[153][154]Two days after his inauguration, Marcos vetoed a bill creating the Bulacan Airport City Special Economic Zone and Freeport covering New Manila International Airport (which was sponsored by his sister), citing "substantial fiscal risks", incoherence with existing laws, and the proposed economic zone's location near the Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone.[155] To foster partnership between the national government and the private sector, Marcos formed the Private Sector Advisory Council, an advisory council tasked to make recommendations to the President of the Philippines in assisting government initiatives to revitalize the economy.[156][157]
Amid a 14-year high inflation, in February 2023, Marcos shifted his previous stance on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and expressed support for an increase in agricultural imports; the Senate then ratified the RCEP on February 21, 2023.[158]
Education
editMarcos appointed his then-running mate and now Vice President Sara Duterte to concurrently serve as the Secretary of Education. Public schools in the Philippines started full in-person classes on November 2, 2022, after two years of hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[159]
In August 2022, the Commission on Audit (COA) flagged the Department of Education (DepEd) for the purchase of allegedly overpriced and outdated 39,583 laptops worth ₱2.4 billion back in 2021 for online classes at the height of the pandemic. In response, Duterte requested from the COA a "fraud audit" of the laptop deal.[160] Starting August 25, the Senate Blue Ribbon Committee, headed by Senator Francis Tolentino, held a series of hearings with previous officials of the DepEd and the Procurement Service of the Department of Budget and Management (PS-DBM), to look into the matter.[161]
Amid a low full vaccination rate of 19% among Filipino students nationwide, the Marcos administration reopened classes in 46% of all schools in the country, or 24,000 schools on August 22, implementing five days of face-to-face classes; 29,721 schools were allowed to continue implementing blended learning from August to October 2022.[162] A department order was signed, on September 2, by Duterte, automatically suspending all classes from kindergarten to senior high school during calamities and disasters; the order also prohibited the use of schools as long-term evacuation centers.[163]
Under Sara Duterte's authority, the Department of Education in August 2023 launched the "Matatag curriculum", a new "less congested" curriculum for Kindergarten to Grade 10. The new curriculum reduced the learning areas for students from seven to five, and removed Mother Tongue as a separate subject; it also emphasized a "Makabansa" learning area to instill Filipino identity and nationalism among students.[164]
Energy
editMarcos considers battery farms as a solution to the country's energy needs.[165] In his first State of the Nation Address, Marcos presented his plan to increase energy production by including renewable energy and nuclear energy in the country's energy mix.[166] In May 2023, Marcos renewed the Malampaya gas field contract which was to expire on February 22, 2024, extending it for 15 more years until 2039 and allowing oil companies to continue extracting natural gas from the field.[167]
Gambling policy
editThis section needs to be updated. (June 2024) |
In December 2022, Marcos issued an executive order formalizing President Rodrigo Duterte's spoken order earlier that May to suspend e-sabong (online cockfighting) operations in the country.[168] In January 2023, Marcos said he was in no rush to ban Philippine Offshore Gaming Operators (POGOs); he urged the government to continue monitoring POGO's social costs and its illegal operators.[169]
Government reorganization
editIn an attempt to achieve "simplicity, economy, and efficiency" in the bureaucracy, Marcos, on June 30, 2022, issued his first executive order abolishing the Presidential Anti-Corruption Commission (PACC) created by Duterte in 2017, and the Office of the Cabinet Secretary.[170] The powers and functions of PACC were transferred to the Office of the Deputy Executive Secretary for Legal Affairs, while the existing Cabinet Secretariat will be under the Presidential Management Staff.[170]
A day after Marcos's inauguration, Executive Secretary Vic Rodriguez signed a memorandum circular declaring certain positions in the executive department held by officials appointed by Duterte as vacant, leaving at least 4,000 government positions needing to be filled up. Next-in-rank and most senior officials were to fill up the positions as officer-in-charge (OIC), although casual employees whose contracts were to expire on June 30, 2022, were allowed to serve only until July 31, 2022, unless earlier terminated or renewed.[171] Rodriguez, on July 29, extended the terms of the OICs until December 31, or until a replacement has been made, "to ensure the continuous and effective delivery of government services".[172]
On July 23, 2022, Marcos vetoed a bill strengthening the Office of the Government Corporate Counsel (OGCC) of the Department of Justice, citing "excessive grant of remuneration, incentives, benefits, allowances, and honoraria" to employees and hired lawyers.[173] A week later, he vetoed a bill creating transportation safety board, explaining that the proposed board has functions already being "undertaken by the different agencies" under the Department of Transportation, the Philippine National Police, and the National Bureau of Investigation.[174]
Marcos, on September 16, signed his fifth executive order, transferring the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) from the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) to the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE).[175]
In an attempt to "accelerate reconstruction and recovery efforts" in Marawi, on December 22, 2023, Marcos signed an administrative order abolishing the Task Force Bangon Marawi and directing regular line agencies to take over the rehabilitation of the city. Marcos further ordered the agency's unused funds to be surrendered to the Office of the President.[176]
Health
editThrough Proclamation No. 297, Marcos lifted the state of public health emergency issued in March 2020 by President Duterte following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The proclamation lifted all established medical protocols, including the mandatory use of face masks; it also allowed emergency use authorizations (EUAs) for vaccines to remain for one year in order to exhaust the remaining vaccines.[177][178][179]
Marcos allowed the controversial Vape Regulation Bill to lapse into law on July 25.[180] The bill has been approved in January 2022 by both the Senate and the House of Representatives of the 18th Congress, but has been transmitted to Malacañang for Duterte to act upon only on June 24, six days before his presidency ended.[181]
The Department of Health (DOH) launched on July 26 its "PinasLakas" campaign to continue administering COVID-19 booster doses to at least 39 million Filipinos, or 50% of the eligible population of 77 million, in Marcos's first 100 days of presidency. In September, the DOH lowered its target population to 23 million after seeing minimal progress in the booster campaign, which DOH officer-in-charge Maria Rosario Vergeire attributed to pandemic fatigue. By the end of Marcos's first 100 days, a total of 20 million Filipinos received their booster doses,[182] of which 3.4 million received their first booster doses under the administration's booster campaign.[183]
On August 31, Cebu City mayor Michael Rama signed an order making the wearing of face masks "non-obligatory" in his city,[184] prompting the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) to raise the issue of the lifting of face masks before the Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF).[185] The DOH maintained that face masks give 80% protection against COVID-19 and other contagious diseases, and expressed worry that other local government units would follow Rama's action;[186] the DOH later agreed to allow the lifting of face masks only among low-risk individuals and in low-risk settings. On September 12, Marcos signed his third executive order, allowing voluntary use of face masks in outdoor settings with good ventilation.[187] Following the recommendation of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, Marcos, on September 13, signed a proclamation extending from September 13, 2022, to December 31, 2022, the period of the state of calamity declared by his predecessor, Rodrigo Duterte, due to the COVID-19.[188]
To provide medical assistance to more people, in August 2023, Marcos signed a law establishing specialty centers in government hospitals in every region.[189]
Infrastructure
editThe Marcos administration decided to continue the Build! Build! Build! infrastructure program of President Duterte by superseding it with the Build Better More (BBM) program which added more infrastructure projects.[190][191] The Marcos administration approved 194 infrastructure projects, with a total cost of PHP 9-trillion.[192] It includes projects in public transport, physical connectivity, water resources, digital connectivity, health, agriculture, and power; 77 of these projects were carried from past administrations while 123 are "new and initiated" by the Marcos administration.[193]
On August 23, the Marcos administration requested ₱1.196 trillion from Congress to fund in 2023 its BBM infrastructure program.[194]
Public housing
edit_02.jpg)
The Marcos administration aims to build 1 million housing units annually to address the country's backlog of 6.5 million housing units.[195] Twenty-eight local government units (LGUs) have signed a memorandum of understanding with the DHSUD to pursue housing projects; 11 of them are in the construction stage.[196] As of April 19, 2023, about 1.2-1.3 million housing sites have been started since Marcos assumed office.[197]
Transportation
editThis section needs to be updated. (June 2024) |
The Marcos administration promised to improve the transportation system of the Philippines and said it will pursue more projects.[198][199][200] Marcos pursued the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP), which will phase out old traditional jeepneys and replace them with modern public utility vehicles; it resulted in a weeklong nationwide transport strike in March 2023, forcing Marcos to order the government to review the PUVMP "to ensure that everything is taken into consideration under the program, including the grievances of our drivers and operators".[201]
In July 2022, former Finance Secretary Carlos Dominguez III canceled the loan applications for three China-funded railway projects—the PNR South Long Haul, Subic-Clark Railway, and the Mindanao Railway (Tagum-Davao-Digos)—due to China's inaction on funding requests by the Duterte administration during Duterte's tenure.[202] A month later, the Marcos administration resumed talks with China to renegotiate and "resume" the major railway projects, with the Transportation department citing the funding will "strengthen bilateral relations and enhance the partnership between the Philippines and China".[203]
On July 1, a day after his inauguration, Marcos signed a memorandum seeking to provide free train rides to students, and extend the free EDSA Carousel rides until December 2022.[204][205] Shortly after, the free train rides for students was recalibrated and limited only to LRT-2; the Department of Transportation said that train fares were "already heavily subsidized", especially when free train rides were implemented at MRT-3 for three months during the Duterte administration, and that Line 2 has the highest number of student ridership.[206]
In August, the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board started reopening several pre-pandemic public utility vehicle routes in Metro Manila in preparation for face-to-face classes.[207][208]
Insurgency
editTo harmonize the Bangsamoro peace agreements of the 1976 Tripoli Agreement, the 1996 Final Peace Agreement and the 2014 Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro, the Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation and Unity facilitated the participation of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) in the Bangsamoro Transition Authority (BTA). On August 14, Marcos appointed new members of the BTA, and included Abdulkarim Misuari and Nurrheda Misuari, son and daughter of Moro National Liberation Front leader Nur Misuari, in an effort to unite former warring members of the MNLF and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front under one Bangsamoro autonomous government.[209][210]
Communist policy
editAmid the weakening of the communist fronts by the military, in May 2023, Marcos directed the "recalibration" of the NTF-ELCAC to shift its previous "aggressive" policy and become "bringers of peace".[211] Marcos appointed Vice President Sara Duterte as co-vice chair of the NTF-ELCAC.[212] As part of his administration's peace initiatives, in November 2023, Marcos granted amnesty to former rebels of the Communist Party of the Philippines-New People's Army-National Democratic Front (CPP-NPA-NDF), Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), and Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF); he also granted amnesty to members of the Rebolusyonaryong Partido ng Manggagawa ng Pilipinas/Revolutionary Proletarian Army/Alex Boncayao Brigade (RPMP-RPA-ABB).[213]
In a surprise reversal of Duterte's policy, Marcos announced in November 2023 the revival of peace talks with the communists, a move critics see as a grave mistake. Negotiations between the Marcos administration and the NDF began in Oslo as early as 2022, but were withheld to the public.[214]
After the Supreme Court ruled in May 2024 that red-tagging threatens a person's right to life, liberty, or security, Human Rights Watch and Karapatan called on Marcos to abolish the NTF-ELCAC. Marcos rejected the calls for abolition, saying the task force was instrumental in reducing the country's internal security threat.[215][216]
Social policies
editOn July 2, Social Welfare (DSWD) Secretary Erwin Tulfo revealed that Marcos ordered for the list of 4Ps beneficiaries to be "cleaned" due to reports of unqualified beneficiaries receiving cash grants and refusing to surrender their accounts.[217] About 1.3 million beneficiaries identified by the social welfare department as no longer poor were to face removal from the cash assistance program, which may free ₱15 billion to be distributed to "other qualified persons".[218] In late August, the DSWD earmarked ₱500 million to be distributed as cash assistance for poor students, prohibiting walk-ins after an initial chaotic distribution involving beneficiaries gathering in huge crowds at the central and regional offices of the DSWD;[219] by September 24, 676,922 students nationwide received cash aid, which totaled ₱1.652 billion, in the DSWD's six-week program.[220]
On July 30, Marcos vetoed a bill granting tax exemption on poll workers' honoraria; he cited the bill will "negate the progressivity of the reforms introduced under RA 10963 or the TRAIN law".[221]
Labor
editAfter Kuwait suspended all types of visas issued to Filipinos in May 2023, Marcos rejected proposals to impose a total deployment ban against Kuwait, saying he did not want to "burn any bridges"; he maintained the Philippine government will continue negotiating with Kuwait to improve the situation.[222]
Poverty alleviation
editIn June 2023, Marcos appointed Marcos loyalist and disbarred lawyer Larry Gadon in a newly created position, the presidential adviser on poverty alleviation, which has a monthly salary grade of ₱278,434.[223][224] Gadon said his first project would be to launch "BBM: Batang Busog, Malusog", a feeding program for the youth.[225]
Telecommunications
editThis section needs to be updated. (June 2024) |
In 2022, the Marcos administration launched the BroadBand ng Masa Program (BBMP) to provide free WiFi connections in remote areas.[226] To "boost government initiatives against scams committed through text and online messages", Marcos signed his first law, which mandated SIM card registration;[227] by the end of the July 2023 deadline, a total of 113.9 million SIM cards were registered, and about 54 million unregistered mobile numbers were deactivated.[228]
Tourism
editIn June 2023, the Marcos administration's tourism department launched a new branding campaign worth ₱49 million; it included a new tourism slogan "Love the Philippines" which replaced the decade-old "It's More Fun in the Philippines". The tourism department contracted a creative agency, DDB Philippines, to produce a campaign video. A few days later, the tourism department deleted the video from its Facebook page after Agence France Presse had the video analyzed and confirmed that stock footages of places in the United Arab Emirates, Brazil, Indonesia, and Switzerland were used in the video.[229][230] Shortly after, the tourism department, under Secretary Christina Frasco, terminated its branding campaign contract with DDB Philippines; Frasco asserted no public funds were spent on the video,[231] and decided to continue using the new slogan.[232] Marcos then said he still trusts Frasco despite the stock video controversy.[233]
In an effort to enhance the overall experience of tourists in the country, the Department of Tourism (DOT), under Secretary Christina Frasco, began establishing Tourist Rest Areas (TRAs) in strategic areas across the Philippines in 2022.[234] By June 2024, about nine TRAs had been constructed by the DOT and turned over to the various local government units; at least 20 more TRAs are awaiting construction.[235]
Foreign affairs
edit
Marcos sought to continue his predecessor, Rodrigo Duterte's "friends to all, enemies to none" approach to foreign policy.[236] Under Marcos, who pursued improved relations with the United States, China-Philippine relations became tense.[237]
Following a French court of arbitration ruling instructing Malaysia to pay $14.9 billion to the descendants of the Sulu Sultanate for breaching an international private lease agreement by not paying the cession money under the agreement since 2013,[238] Malacañang, on August 2, said that the claim to Sabah is "not an issue of sovereignty" as it is "in the nature of a private claim".[239]
Marcos made his inaugural state visits in Indonesia from September 4 to 6, and Singapore from September 6 to 7, securing $USD14.36 billion (₱804.78 billion) in investment pledges.[240] On September 18 to 24, he made his first working visit to the United States, where he attended the 77th United Nations General Assembly and received $3.9 billion in investment pledges.[241] Marcos was criticized upon his unannounced return to Singapore in October 1 to 2 to watch the F1 Grand Prix; Malacañang later confirmed Marcos's trip as "productive" in enjoining continued foreign investment in the country with Executive Secretary Lucas Bersamin later explaining that the visit was "partly official, partly personal".[242][243]
China and the South China Sea
edit
This section needs to be updated. (June 2024) |
Upon his election as president, Marcos pledged to continue outgoing president Duterte's policy of strengthening relations with China, whom he labeled the Philippines' "strongest partner."[244] Marcos sought to resolve the territorial disputes in the South China Sea (West Philippine Sea),[245] "through diplomacy and dialogue",[246] further urging his fellow ASEAN leaders to complete a code of conduct for the South China Sea in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea signed between ASEAN and China in 2002.[247]
While campaigning for president in January 2022, Marcos promised to "set aside" the South China Sea Arbitration in favor of direct negotiations with the Chinese government over the disputes, stating that the Permanent Court of Arbitration ruling was "no longer available" to the Philippine government because China, among many other parties, had rejected it.[248] However, following his election in May, then-president-elect Marcos reversed his previous stance and declared he would uphold the Arbitration ruling, vowing to invoke the ruling "to assert [the Philippines'] territorial rights" if and where necessary.[249]
While addressing the Asia Society in New York City in September 2022, Marcos clarified that his country has "no territorial conflict with China" but rather, "China [is] claiming territory that belongs to the Philippines." He acknowledged the necessity of closer cooperation with his country's allies if the disputes escalated to war, as China's military capabilities are nearly 15 times "stronger" than the Philippines.[250]
With the Philippines making hard stance pronouncements regarding South China Sea, tensions began to rise with more clashes and ramming incidents between the Philippine forces and the Chinese Navy and coast guard. A Filipino soldier lost his finger during one of the clash and several ramming incidents damaged both Philippine and Chinese vessels. The Philippines also virtually lost control of the Sabina Shoal (Escoda Shoal).[251][252]
United States and the West
edit
Unlike President Duterte, whose foreign policy lessened the country's dependence on the United States, Marcos strengthened the Philippines' relations with its traditional ally.[253][254]
Marcos shifted the Philippines' defense policy by approving five additional sites across the country for the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement following the visit of US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin in Manila in February 2023,[255] risking invoking China's fury and dragging the Philippines into a US-China conflict over Taiwan.[256][257]
.jpg)
Amid growing tensions between China and Taiwan, in August 2022, Marcos and United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken reaffirmed both countries' commitment to the Mutual Defense Treaty.[258]
International Criminal Court
edit
Marcos asserts that his administration does not intend for the Philippines to re-apply for International Criminal Court (ICC) membership following the country's withdrawal from the international tribunal under his predecessor that took effect in March 2019.[259] In 2023, the Marcos administration submitted two separate requests in February and March to suspend the ICC's probe into the war on drugs during Duterte's presidency and the killings in the Davao area between November 2011, and June 2016; the administration argued that the Philippine government is investigating and has already investigated cases of alleged crimes against humanity, and that the ICC investigation would encroach on the Philippines' sovereignty.[260][261] After the ICC rejected the Philippines' requests, Marcos, on March 28, said the Philippines is "disengaging" from any contact and communication with the ICC, saying he considers the ICC jurisdiction over the Philippines as an interference and "practically attacks on the sovereignty".[260]
Russo-Ukrainian War
edit.jpg)
Marcos has expressed opposition to the war between Russia and Ukraine during his presidency. In the early days of the conflict, while he was still campaigning, Marcos initially suggested there was no immediate need for the Philippines to take a stand on the Russian invasion of Ukraine. He has since called for a diplomatic resolution to the conflict, stating that the confrontation should be resolved through diplomatic channels rather than continued military engagement. Marcos cited the extensive repercussions of the war, particularly its impact on global economies and food supply chains, as reasons for his stance.[262]
On June 3, 2024, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy visited Manila to invite Marcos to a peace summit in Switzerland later that month. Marcos assured Zelenskyy of Philippine participation in the summit, which the European leader said sent "a very strong signal". Following Zelenskyy's request, Marcos pledged to send mental health professionals to assist soldiers in Ukraine.[263]
Opinion polling
editThis section needs to be updated. (November 2023) |
Opinion polling, commonly known as surveys in the Philippines, on the presidency of Bongbong Marcos has been conducted by various pollsters since the start of his tenure. The tables below show the latest polls that were administered.
A Pulse Asia September 2022 survey of 1,200 respondents nationwide revealed that the Marcos administration received high approval ratings on its addressing of 11 of 13 key issues in the country; calamity response and controlling the spread of COVID-19 were both rated the highest, at 78%, while performance in poverty reduction (39%) and control of inflation (31%) ranked the lowest.[264]
Approval ratings
edit| Fieldwork date(s) |
Pollster | Sample size |
MoE | Approve | Disapprove | Undecided/no opinion | Net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sep 6-13 | Pulse Asia[265] | 2,400 | ±2.0% | 50 | 21 | 29 | +29 |
| Sep 4-7 | OCTA[266][267] | 1,200 | ±3.0% | 66 | 12 | 23 | +54 |
| June 30 - July 5 | OCTA[268] | 1,200 | ±3.0% | 68 | - | - | - |
| June 24 - July 1 | SWS[269][270] | 1,500 | ±2.5% | 62 | 22 | 16 | +40 |
| June 17-24 | Pulse Asia[271] | 2,400 | ±2.0% | 53 | 19 | 29 | +34 |
| March 6–10 | Pulse Asia[272] | 1,200 | ±2.8% | 55 | 20 | 25 | +35 |
Trust ratings
edit| Fieldwork date(s) |
Pollster | Sample size |
MoE | Trust | Distrust | Undecided/no opinion | Net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mar 24–28 | OCTA[273] | 1,200 | ±3.0% | 66 | 4 | 13 | — |
| Mar 15–19 | Pulse Asia[274] | 1,200 | ±2.8% | 80 | 15 | 5 | — |
Protests
editProtests against President Bongbong Marcos have occurred mainly in the Philippines even before the inauguration of the president on June 30, 2022.[275] Protest have been mostly conducted by progressive and opposition groups due to the violent and plunderous legacy of the Marcos family during the martial law era and throughout the rule of his father, former President Ferdinand Marcos;[276] unpaid real-estate taxes;[275] alleged electoral fraud[275] during the 2022 presidential elections; instances of fake news and historical distortion;[275] cases of human rights violations such as extra-judicial killings and the continuing war on drugs;[277] and other social issues.[278][279] Protests against the president have also included grievances against Vice President Sara Duterte[280] as well as seeking of accountability from his predecessor Rodrigo Duterte.[281] Mobilizations have also been held by Filipino-Americans and other solidarity and progressive groups abroad such as in United States, Australia, and Canada.[279]
Former President Duterte and his supporters have also organized protests against Marcos.[282] In a "prayer rally" held in Cebu City, the former president made numerous remarks denouncing Marcos' People's Initiative and the subsequent economic constitutional amendments.[283] During the rally, Duterte also made statements alluding to the deposal of President Marcos similar to his father yet through military force.[284] In the same rally, Duterte called President Marcos a drug addict,[285] Marcos responded that Duterte's use of fentanyl impaired his judgement.[286] Duterte has since softened his position [287] yet states that he and his coalition are no longer allies with President Marcos, reinforced by Vice President Sara Duterte stating that the Uniteam Alliance was dissolved immediately after the 2022 Philippine General Election.[288]
Notes
edit- ^ As Faustino retired from military service on November 12, 2021, in adherence to Republic Act 6975 banning the appointment of retired military officers for a year, he will first serve as a senior undersecretary and officer-in-charge of the Department of National Defense beginning June 30, 2022.[56]
- ^ Cacdac served as the Officer–in–Charge from August 22 to September 7, 2023.
- ^ Solidum served as the Officer–in–Charge from June 30 to July 22, 2022.
- ^ Served as Presidential Adviser on Investment and Economic Affairs from January 30, 2023 to January 12, 2024.
References
edit- ^ Bacelonia, Wilnard (July 18, 2022). "Lawmakers say rightsizing plan of gov't offices commendable". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved July 22, 2022.
- ^ "Philippines lifts the stringent travel restrictions". Travel Daily News. October 28, 2022. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
- ^ "What is the Maharlika Investment Fund all about?". PIA. July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ Crismundo, Kris (June 2, 2023). "RCEP enters into force in PH". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
- ^ "RCEP Agreement enters into force for Philippines". ASEAN.org. June 2, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
- ^ Mendoza, John Eric (February 8, 2023). "SWS: Filipinos say unsafe streets, drug problem rising". Inquirer.net. Retrieved November 16, 2023.
- ^ De Vera-Ruiz, Ellalyn (April 2, 2024). "President Marcos' performance, trust ratings drop significantly in March — Pulse Asia". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved April 4, 2024.
- ^ "Pulse Asia: Marcos approval down 13 points, Sara's by 7". GMA News Online. April 3, 2024. Retrieved April 4, 2024.
- ^ Tiglao Rigoberto D. (August 28, 2024). "Marcos loses Escoda; US nowhere to help". The Manila Times. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
- ^ Tiglao Rigoberto D. (September 2, 2024). "China tightens control over Escoda; US betrays PH". The Manila Times. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
- ^ "Alfred McCoy, Dark Legacy: Human rights under the Marcos regime". Ateneo de Manila University. September 20, 1999.
- ^ Kushida, Kenji (2003). "The Political Economy of the Philippines Under Marcos – Property Rights in the Philippines from 1965 to 1986" (PDF). Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 9, 2016.
- ^ Mogato, Manuel (February 24, 2016). "Philippines still seeks $1 billion in Marcos wealth 30 years after his ouster". Reuters.
- ^ "Filipinos fall for fake history". The Standard (Hong Kong). Agence France-Presse. March 30, 2022.
- ^ "How the Philippines' brutal history is being whitewashed for voters". Washington Post. April 12, 2022. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
- ^ "Bongbong won't engage in hateful campaigning, spox says after VP Leni's 'liar' comment". GMA News Online. January 27, 2022. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
- ^ Salaverria, Leila B. (January 23, 2022). "No to 'negativity': Marcos Jr. to only do 'unbiased' interviews". Inquirer.net. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
- ^ Valente, Catherine S. (December 29, 2023). "Dissatisfaction with govt up". MSN. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
- ^ Peña, Kurt Dela (May 17, 2022). "From 2016 to 2022: Provinces' flip key to Marcos win". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (May 4, 2022). "Unity call in forefront as Marcos-Duterte tandem closes Visayas campaign". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 4, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ Tamayo, Bernadette E. (December 16, 2021). "Marcos to continue Duterte's legacy". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on March 29, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "Ferdinand 'Bongbong' Marcos Jr., a Dictator's Son, Takes Huge Lead in Philippine Presidential Election". TIME. May 9, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ "Marcos Jr. officially proclaimed president-elect". CNN Philippines. May 25, 2022. Archived from the original on May 25, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (June 30, 2022). "Marcos Jr. sworn in as PH's 17th president". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
- ^ Bacelonia, Wilnard (July 1, 2022). "Military might on full display at inauguration parade". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on July 1, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2022.
- ^ Navarro, June (June 30, 2022). "National athletes march in military-civic parade during Bongbong Marcos inauguration". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2022.
- ^ "Inaugural Address of President Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos, Jr., June 30, 2022". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. June 30, 2022.
- ^ "Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr., First State of the Nation Address, July 25, 2022". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines (in English and Filipino). July 26, 2022.
- ^ "Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr., Second State of the Nation Address, July 24, 2023". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines (in English and Filipino). July 24, 2022.
- ^ "Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr., Third State of the Nation Address, July 22, 2024". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines (in English and Filipino). July 22, 2024.
- ^ "Masterlist Generator". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
- ^ "Ceremonial Signing of the General Appropriations Act of 2023". Radio Television Malacañang. December 16, 2022. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
- ^ "Proposed national budget inches closer to approval as Senate panel sponsors 2023 GAB". Department of Budget and Management. November 8, 2022. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
- ^ Parrocha, Azer (December 28, 2022). "P5.268-T nat'l budget supports Marcos admin's overall goals". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
- ^ "Marcos inks P5.768-T 2024 national budget". Philippine News Agency. December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- ^ Flores, Helen (August 13, 2022). "Marcos leadership style more systematic, efficient – Palace". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
- ^ Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (June 3, 2022). "BBM's leadership style 'deliberate': incoming Press secretary". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
- ^ Baizas, Gaby (July 1, 2024). "Marcos, the inaccessible president". Rappler. Archived from the original on July 1, 2024. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
- ^ Maralit, Kristina (January 25, 2023). "Marcos defends first lady from detractors". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on January 25, 2023. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
- ^ "LIST: Who are the members of Marcos Cabinet?". Philippine Daily Inquirer. May 23, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ Parrocha, Azer (June 30, 2022). "Marcos swears in Cabinet members as 1st 'official act'". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
- ^ "Marcos' chief of staff nominated as executive secretary". Philippine News Agency. May 22, 2022. Archived from the original on May 22, 2022. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
- ^ Arcilla, Gigie (September 17, 2022). "'Little prexy' quits as ES, named CoS". Daily Tribune. Archived from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
- ^ Valente, Catherine S. (September 18, 2022). "JPE thwarts Rodriguez bid to get more power". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
- ^ Galvez, Daphne (September 27, 2022). "Palace: New Exec Secretary Bersamin 'well-qualified,' enjoys Marcos' trust". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
- ^ Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (October 4, 2022). "PBBM reappoints 10 bypassed Cabinet members". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on October 4, 2022. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
- ^ Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (October 4, 2022). "Jose Calida resigns as COA chief". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
- ^ "Press Secretary Trixie Cruz-Angeles quits due to health reasons". cnnphilippines.com. CNN Philippines. October 4, 2022. Archived from the original on October 4, 2022. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
- ^ "Marcos takes oath as 17th Philippine president". The Philippine Star. June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (June 20, 2022). "Bongbong Marcos to head agriculture department in concurrent post". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
- ^ "Sara Duterte takes oath as 15th vice president". Philippine Daily Inquirer. June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "LIST: Who are the members of Marcos Cabinet?". Philippine Daily Inquirer. May 23, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ Tomacruz, Sofia (September 27, 2022). "Marcos picks ex-CJ Bersamin as new executive secretary". Rappler. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
- ^ Magsambol, Bonz (July 2, 2024). "Sonny Angara named as new education secretary". Rappler. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
- ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (July 1, 2022). "Bongbong Marcos appoints career diplomat Enrique Manalo as DFA secretary". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 1, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
- ^ a b c "Enrile, Guevarra, Faustino to join Marcos Cabinet". The Philippine Star. June 17, 2022. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
- ^ Bajo, Anna Felicia (January 3, 2023). "Marcos picks Carlito Galvez as Defense secretary". GMA News Online. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
- ^ a b Gonzales, Anna Leah (June 5, 2023). "Gibo Teodoro, Ted Herbosa named as DND, DOH secretaries". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
- ^ Valente, Catherine S.; Mendoza, Red (July 15, 2022). "Marcos taps Vergeire as Health dept OIC". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on July 14, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
- ^ "Cristina Aldeguer-Roque named DTI Acting Secretary". ABS-CBN News. August 2, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- ^ Domingo, Katrina; Manahan, Job; Omaga-Diaz, Henry (August 22, 2023). "Migrant Workers Secretary Toots Ople passes away". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
- ^ Manahan, Job (September 7, 2023). "Hans Cacdac appointed DMW: Palace". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- ^ Kabagani, Lade (July 8, 2022). "Housing department assures unhampered operations". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
- ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (July 29, 2022). "Jose Acuzar takes oath as housing chief under Bongbong Marcos admin". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
- ^ "Marcos appoints former STAR reporter Edu Punay as DSWD OIC". The Philippine Star. December 27, 2022. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
- ^ Galvez, Daphne (January 31, 2023). "Marcos names Valenzuela Rep. Gatchalian as DSWD chief". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved January 31, 2023.
- ^ a b Bajo, Anne Felicia (June 8, 2022). "Marcos picks Clarita Carlos as NSA, Conrado Estrella as DAR chief". GMA News. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
- ^ "PBBM swears in Yulo-Loyzaga as DENR chief". Philippine News Agency. July 19, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
- ^ "Abalos gets DILG post; Marcos transition team members named". Manila Bulletin. May 13, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ Magsambol, Bonz (October 7, 2024). "Benhur Abalos vies for Senate seat, resigns as DILG chief". Rappler. Retrieved October 12, 2024.
- ^ Galvez, Daphne (October 7, 2024). "Cavite governor Remulla named DILG chief". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 12, 2024.
- ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (May 30, 2022). "Sara Duterte spox Christina Frasco to serve as tourism secretary". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
- ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (June 23, 2022). "Bongbong Marcos picks ex-PAL president Jaime Bautista for DOTr". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
- ^ Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (August 12, 2022). "Solidum appointed DOST secretary". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
- ^ "Former GMA Cabinet member appointed energy secretary by PBBM". Philippine News Agency. July 11, 2022. Retrieved July 13, 2022.
- ^ "Former DILG Secretary Año sworn in as new National Security Adviser". GMA News Online. January 14, 2023. Retrieved January 14, 2023.
- ^ "Masukat papalit kay Naida Angping sa PMS". Abante (in Tagalog). January 3, 2023. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
- ^ "Incoming solicitor general Guevarra: From Aquino to Duterte and now Marcos". Rappler. June 17, 2022. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
- ^ Romero, Alexis (July 9, 2022). "Palace issues memo allowing Galvez to remain in his post". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on July 9, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
- ^ "Isidro Purisima named acting peace adviser". The Manila Times. February 23, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
- ^ a b Gonzales, Anna Leah (June 26, 2023). "Galvez back as OPAPRU chief; Gadon gets poverty alleviation post". Philippine Information Agency. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
- ^ "PBBM names Paul Soriano as Presidential Adviser on Creative Comms; Swears in 3 COMELEC officials". Philippine Information Agency. October 17, 2022. Archived from the original on October 30, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2023.
- ^ "Presidential Appointees" (PDF) (Press release). Official Gazette, Philippines. September 29, 2023.
- ^ Galvez, Daphne. "Bongbong Marcos picks ex-Ilocos Norte police chief as adviser on military affairs". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
- ^ "Cesar Chavez appointed as new PCO chief". Presidential Communications Office.
- ^ "FAST FACTS: Frederick Go to head Marcos' new investment affairs office". Rappler. December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
- ^ Geducos, Argyll Cyrus (July 7, 2022). "Marcos abolishes Duterte's anti-corruption commission, CabSec's office". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on July 7, 2022. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
- ^ Sarao, Zacarian (July 26, 2022). "DOH launches COVID-19 booster program targeting 23 million Filipinos". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^ Villanueva, Rhodina (October 9, 2022). "Nearly 3.5 million individuals get 1st booster shots under PinasLakas drive". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on October 8, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^ Cabico, Gaea Katreena (September 12, 2022). "Marcos OKs voluntary use of masks outdoors". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
- ^ Parrocha, Azer (September 13, 2022). "PBBM extends state of calamity until year-end". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on September 13, 2022. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
- ^ Zurbano, Joel E. (October 7, 2022). "Gov't unveils new drug war plan". Manila Standard. Archived from the original on October 10, 2022. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "PRIORITIES".
- ^ Galvez, Daphne (October 6, 2022). "Marcos wants to accelerate efforts to build agricultural sector back". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
- ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (July 18, 2022). "Bongbong Marcos orders DA: Create farm-to-market road masterplan". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
- ^ Romero, Alexis (August 10, 2022). "Marcos rejects proposal to import more sugar". The Philippine Star. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on August 10, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
- ^ Unite, Betheena (August 11, 2022). "Palace probes 'illegal, unauthorized' order on sugar importation". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on August 11, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
- ^ Panti, Llanesca T. (August 15, 2022). "Resigned DA exec says he signed sugar importation order due to dwindling supply". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on August 15, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
- ^ "Sugar Regulatory administrator resigns". CNN Philippines. August 16, 2022. Archived from the original on August 16, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
- ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (August 17, 2022). "Bongbong Marcos to reorganize SRA, negotiate with millers amid sugar shortage". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
- ^ Cariaso, Bella (August 11, 2022). "Marcos urged to crack down on sugar hoarders". The Manila Times.
- ^ Galvez, Daphne (December 1, 2022). "Kadiwa store program eyed until February, March — Bongbong Marcos". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
- ^ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (November 16, 2022). "Expanded Kadiwa store project good for farmers, consumers, agri group says". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
- ^ Flores, Helen. "Marcos eyes permanent Kadiwa stores nationwide". The Philippine Star.
- ^ "Onion woes 'a demand and supply situation' Marcos says as prices remain high".
- ^ Soriano, JP. "Marcos says government had no choice but import onions to meet demand". GMA News Online.
- ^ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (September 13, 2022). "Marcos freezes Carp amortization for one year". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 13, 2022. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
- ^ Royandoyan, Ramon; Flores, Helen (July 7, 2023). "Marcos enacts debt forgiveness law for 610k farmers". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
- ^ Venzon, Cliff Harvey; Lopez, Ditas B. (November 3, 2023). "Philippines' Marcos Gives Up Agriculture Post, Names New Head". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on November 6, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
- ^ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (September 13, 2022). "Marcos freezes Carp amortization for one year". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 13, 2022. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
- ^ Cabico, Gaea Katreena (July 16, 2023). "Marcos rebrands government with 'Bagong Pilipinas' logo, theme". The Philippine Star. Retrieved July 29, 2023.
- ^ Reyes, Dempsey (June 11, 2024). "'Bagong Pilipinas' oaths outside flag law—critics". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 11, 2024. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
- ^ Cabico, Gaea Katreena (June 9, 2024). "Gov't agencies told to include 'Bagong Pilipinas' hymn, pledge in flag ceremonies". The Philippine Star. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
- ^ Subingsubing, Krixia; Cruz, Marinel (December 20, 2023). "2 SMNI shows suspended, Duterte's 'Gikan' included". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on December 19, 2023. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- ^ Sarao, Zacarian (December 21, 2023). "NTC suspends SMNI operations for 30 days". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on December 21, 2023. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- ^ Mendoza, John Eric (January 23, 2024). "NTC orders SMNI to stop operations indefinitely". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
- ^ Parrocha, Azer (August 1, 2022). "PH has no intention of rejoining ICC: Marcos". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on August 1, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
- ^ Pulta, Benjamin (September 8, 2022). "SolGen asks ICC to deny request to resume 'drug war' probe". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on September 8, 2022. Retrieved September 9, 2022.
- ^ Morales, Neil Jerome; Flores, Mikhail (January 23, 2024). "Philippines will not 'lift a finger' to assist ICC's drug war probe". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 24, 2024. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
- ^ Peralta-Malonzo, Third Anne (April 24, 2024). "Trillanes: ICC taps over 50 police officials amid drug war probe". SunStar. Archived from the original on April 24, 2024. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
- ^ Tupas, Emmanuel (September 4, 2022). "Index crimes down 11.67% in Bongbong Marcos first 2 months". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on September 3, 2022. Retrieved September 9, 2022.
- ^ Torres, Sherrie Ann (September 12, 2022). "Senators urge Marcos gov't: Act swiftly vs alleged abductions". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on September 14, 2022. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
- ^ Pinlac, Beatrice (September 15, 2022). "Senate starts probe into reported spate of kidnapping cases". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 15, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2022.
- ^ Unite, Betheena (September 13, 2022). "War on drugs is 'internal matter', to continue but on a different way—Marcos". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on September 13, 2022. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
- ^ Zurbano, Joel E. (October 7, 2022). "Gov't unveils new drug war plan". Manila Standard. Archived from the original on October 10, 2022. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
- ^ "Executive Order No. 26, s. 2023" (PDF). Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. May 12, 2023. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
- ^ Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (May 13, 2023). "Malacañang Heritage Mansions advisory, management bodies formed". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
- ^ "Republic Act No. 11961" (PDF). Senate of the Philippines. August 23, 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 11, 2024. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
- ^ Bajo, Anna Felicia (February 22, 2023). "Marcos says gov't reviewing EO 138, devolution issues". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
- ^ Galvez, Daphne (May 19, 2023). "Bongbong Marcos says new EO on Mandanas ruling out by year-end". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 19, 2023. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
- ^ Corrales, Nestor (March 23, 2023). "Palace: Poor towns will get poorer under current devolution order". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 23, 2023. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
- ^ "Marcos Turns to US To Fill Canceled Russian Helicopter Contract". The Diplomat.
- ^ Joviland, Rita. "Marcos committed to continuing AFP modernization program – military official". GMA News Online.
- ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (July 1, 2022). "Bongbong Marcos eyes 'stronger, bigger' air force to defend PH". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
- ^ "PBBM assures support for AFP modernization, enhanced troop readiness". Manila Bulletin.
- ^ Abarca, Charie (July 8, 2023). "Bongbong Marcos: AFP modernization to continue 'to address present dangers' PH is facing". INQUIRER.net.
- ^ Sharma, Ritu (June 28, 2023). "Philippines To Acquire Its First-Ever Submarine As It Prepares To Stand Up To China In David Vs Goliath Clash". The EurAsian Times. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
- ^ "CADC to allow PH to defend sea lanes of communication".
- ^ "Marcos approved AFP modernization's 'Horizon 3' —Teodoro". GMA News Online. January 24, 2024.
- ^ "AFP modernization's Horizon 3 to focus on archipelagic defense". Philippine News Agency.
- ^ Punongbayan, Michael. "Marcos Jr. approves military procurement 'wish list'". Philstar.com.
- ^ Ramos-Araneta, Maricel Cruz, Macon (July 29, 2022). "Marcos nixes creation of disaster resilience department". Manila Standard. Archived from the original on July 28, 2022. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Unite, Betheena (July 28, 2022). "Bongbong backpedals, now agrees with sis Imee's proposal to create disaster resilience body". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on July 28, 2022. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
- ^ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (May 8, 2023). "Bongbong Marcos issues EO forming disaster response task force". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 8, 2023. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
- ^ Mapa, Dennis S. (January 25, 2023). "GDP Growth Rate for Third Quarter 2022 was Maintained at 7.6 Percent" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority (Press release). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 25, 2023. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
- ^ Mapa, Dennis S. (January 26, 2023). "GDP Expands by 7.2 Percent in the Fourth Quarter of 2022, and by 7.6 Percent in Full-year 2022" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority (Press release). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 26, 2023. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
- ^ Mapa, Dennis S. (May 11, 2023). "GDP Expands by 6.4 Percent in the First Quarter of 2023" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority (Press release). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 11, 2023. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
- ^ Mapa, Dennis S. (August 10, 2023). "GDP Expands by 4.3 Percent in the Second Quarter of 2023" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority (Press release). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 10, 2023. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
- ^ a b Mapa, Dennis S. (January 31, 2024). "GDP Expands by 5.6 Percent in the Fourth Quarter of 2023: Brings the Full-Year 2023 GDP Growth Rate to 5.6 Percent" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority (Press release). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 31, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ^ Mapa, Claire Dennis S. (May 9, 2024). "GDP Expands by 5.7 Percent in the First Quarter of 2024". Philippine Statistics Authority (Press release). Retrieved August 24, 2024.
- ^ Mapa, Claire Dennis S. (August 8, 2024). "GDP Expands by 6.3 Percent in the Second Quarter of 2024". Philippine Statistics Authority (Press release). Retrieved August 24, 2024.
- ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (July 26, 2022). "Bongbong Marcos team presents 8-point economic agenda". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
- ^ Gregorio, Xave (January 31, 2023). "What Marcos said in his first SONA, from A-Z". The Philippine Star.
- ^ Geducos, Argyll Cyrus (July 26, 2022). "Marcos bares plans for economic recovery in first SONA". Manila Bulletin.
- ^ Yang, Angelica Y.; Cabico, Gaea Katreena; Romero, Alexis (July 2, 2022). "Marcos Jr. vetoes bill creating SMC's Bulacan Airport City economic zone, freeport". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
- ^ Rivas, Ralf (July 13, 2022). "Marcos picks Sabin Aboitiz to head Private Sector Advisory Council". Rappler. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
- ^ Rivas, Ralf (June 28, 2023). "The billionaires advising Marcos how to run the economy". Rappler. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
- ^ Venzon, Cliff (February 22, 2023). "Philippines ratifies RCEP trade deal after shift by Marcos". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
- ^ "NCRPO on full alert for return of travelers, full F2F classes". Philippine News Agency. November 1, 2022. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
- ^ Sevillano, Stephanie (August 15, 2022). "VP Sara wants COA 'fraud audit' to probe P2.4-B laptop deal". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on August 16, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
- ^ Najo, Anna Felicia (August 25, 2022). "Senators grill DepEd exec over laptop purchase; official denies approving procurement". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on August 25, 2022. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
- ^ "Filipino students return to face-to-face classes after 2 years of distance learning". CNN Philippines. August 22, 2022. Archived from the original on August 23, 2022. Retrieved August 23, 2022.
- ^ Mateo, Janvic (September 2, 2022). "Rainfall, flood warnings can now trigger class suspension". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on September 1, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
- ^ Balancio, Joyce (August 10, 2023). "DepEd launches adjusted K to 10 curriculum with 'mother tongue' no longer as a separate subject". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on August 10, 2023. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
- ^ Galvez, Daphne (March 31, 2023). "Bongbong Marcos says battery energy farms may be a 'solution' to PH energy needs". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 31, 2023. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ^ Geducos, Argyll Cyrus (July 25, 2022). "President's energy plan includes nuclear power plants, renewables". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on July 25, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
- ^ Domingo, Katrina (May 15, 2023). "Marcos extends Malampaya gas field contract until 2039". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on May 15, 2023. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ^ Gregorio, Xave (August 23, 2022). "Marcos formalizes Duterte's spoken order to suspend e-sabong". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
- ^ Geducos, Argyll Cyrus (January 22, 2023). "Marcos: Banning POGOs needs proper motivation". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on January 21, 2023. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
- ^ a b Geducos, Argyll Cyrus (July 7, 2022). "Marcos abolishes Duterte's anti-corruption commission, CabSec's office". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on July 7, 2022. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
- ^ Barcelo, Vito (July 2, 2022). "Palace declares vacant Duterte filled positions". Manila Standard. Archived from the original on July 1, 2022.
- ^ Corrales, Nestor (July 29, 2022). "Palace extends term of agency OICs up to Dec. 31". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 28, 2022. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
- ^ Pinlac, Beatrice (July 23, 2022). "Bongbong Marcos vetoes bill strengthening OGCC". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 23, 2022. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
- ^ Sarao, Zacarian (July 30, 2022). "Bongbong Marcos vetoes transport safety board, tax-free poll workers' honoraria bills". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 30, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
- ^ Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (September 16, 2022). "DOLE regains supervision of TESDA". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on September 16, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2022.
- ^ Corrales, Nestor (December 31, 2023). "Task Force Bangon Marawi abolished". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on December 31, 2023. Retrieved April 27, 2024.
- ^ GMA Integrated News (July 22, 2023). "Marcos lifts COVID-19 state of public health emergency". GMA News Online. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ Relativo, James (July 22, 2023). "Marcos finally lifts COVID-19 state of public emergency. What happens next?". The Philippine Star. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ Abarca, Charie (July 22, 2023). "Bongbong Marcos: COVID-19 public health emergency in PH lifted". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ Unite, Betheena (July 26, 2022). "Vape bill lapses into law, Palace says". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
- ^ Manahan, Job (July 26, 2022). "Controversial bill lowering the age for vape access lapses into law: Palace". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on July 26, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
- ^ Jalea, Glee (October 9, 2022). "The Marcos administration's booster campaign: What is lacking?". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on October 10, 2022. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
- ^ Montemayor, Ma. Teresa (October 11, 2022). "PinasLakas administers 3.4M 1st booster dose in 100 days". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on October 11, 2022. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
- ^ Erram, Morexette Marie B. (September 5, 2022). "Cebu City's non-obligatory use of face mask: Trial only". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 5, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
- ^ Caliwan, Christopher Lloyd (September 6, 2022). "IATF 'carefully studying' proposals to relax mask mandate: DILG". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
- ^ Cabalza, Dexter; Villa, Kathleen de (September 3, 2022). "DOH: Eased mask use 'disastrous'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 3, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
- ^ Cabico, Gaea Katreena (September 12, 2022). "Marcos OKs voluntary use of masks outdoors". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
- ^ Parrocha, Azer (September 13, 2022). "PBBM extends state of calamity until year-end". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on September 13, 2022. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
- ^ "Marcos OKs law establishing more specialty centers nationwide". CNN Philippines. August 29, 2023. Archived from the original on August 29, 2023. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
- ^ Gregorio, Xave (December 29, 2022). "Goodbye 'Build, Build, Build'; P1.196-T sought for PBBM's 'Build, Better, More' infrastructure program". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on December 29, 2022. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
- ^ Fernandez, Daniza (July 25, 2022). "Bongbong Marcos to continue Duterte's infrastructure program". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 25, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
- ^ "Marcos admin bares P9-T flagship infra projects; 45 to funded by PPPs". PhilStar Global. March 9, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023.
- ^ "NEDA Board OKs ₱9-T infra projects". CNN Philippines. March 9, 2023. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023.
- ^ Quismorio, Ellson (August 23, 2022). "Goodbye 'Build, Build, Build'; P1.196-T sought for PBBM's 'Build, Better, More' infrastructure program". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on August 23, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
- ^ Calalo, Arlie O. (December 1, 2022). "More LGUs support Marcos' housing program". The Manila Times. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
- ^ "10 more LGUs sign up for Pambansang Pabahay". Manila Standard. November 28, 2022. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
- ^ Bajo, Anna Felicia (April 19, 2023). "Marcos says 1.2-M housing sites started since he assumed office". GMA News Online. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
- ^ Parrocha, Azer (January 9, 2023). "Marcos vows to continue upgrade of PH transport system". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
- ^ Valente, Catherine S.; Baroña, Franco Jose C.; Cua, Aric John Sy (March 4, 2023). "Marcos vows to 'modernize' PH transportation". The Manila Times. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
- ^ "Bongbong Marcos vows to modernize, improve PH transportation system". Inquirer.net. March 3, 2023. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
- ^ Relativo, James (March 8, 2023). "Jeepney strike ends as gov't agrees to review modernization program". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on March 8, 2023. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
- ^ Dela Cruz, Raymond Carl (July 15, 2022). "China withdraws funding for 3 railway projects: DOTr exec". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on July 15, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
- ^ Philippine News Agency (August 15, 2022). "PH, China resume talks on transport projects". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on August 14, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
- ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (July 1, 2022). "DOTr: Marcos extends free EDSA Carousel bus rides, OKs free train rides for students". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 1, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
- ^ "Commuters get free Edsa carousel bus rides until December". Philippine News Agency. July 1, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
- ^ "DOTr: Free train rides for students now only on LRT2". GMA News Online. July 13, 2022. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
- ^ Cabrera, Romina (August 18, 2022). "LTFRB reopens 133 PUV routes in Metro Manila". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
- ^ Araja, Rio N. (September 22, 2022). "LTFRB to open 50 more NCR routes". Manila Standard. Archived from the original on September 21, 2022. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
- ^ "New BTA unites former warring MILF, MNLF rebels". Philippine News Agency. August 14, 2022. Archived from the original on August 14, 2022. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
- ^ Offic (August 12, 2022). "Pres. Marcos Jr. appoints new BTA members consistent with Bangsamoro peace agreement". BARMM Official Website. Office of Chief Minister's Information & Communications Office. Archived from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
- ^ Maralit, Kristina; Baroña, Franco Jose C. (May 12, 2023). "Elcac to wipe out NPA 'within the year'". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on May 11, 2023. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
- ^ Nepomuceno, Priam (May 12, 2023). "PBBM wants NTF-ELCAC recalibrated; VP now body's co-vice chair". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on May 11, 2023. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
- ^ Manahan, Job (November 24, 2023). "Marcos grants amnesty to former rebels 'to foster lasting peace'". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
- ^ Robles, Raissa (December 3, 2023). "Will Philippine peace talks end rebel conflict for good or 'aid the enemy'?". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on December 3, 2023. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ Romero, Alexis (May 17, 2024). "NTF-ELCAC won't be abolished, says Marcos". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on May 31, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
- ^ Mangaluz, Jean (May 16, 2024). "Marcos says no plan or reason to abolish NTF-Elcac". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 16, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
- ^ Cordero, Ted (July 2, 2022). "DSWD: Marcos wants 4Ps beneficiaries list 'cleaned'". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
- ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (July 21, 2022). "Delisting of 'nonpoor' 4Ps beneficiaries might take weeks — Tulfo". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
- ^ Mendoza, John Eric (August 25, 2022). "No walk-ins allowed to get DSWD educational cash aid". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 24, 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
- ^ "DSWD: Over 600,000 students received cash aid". CNN Philippines. September 25, 2022. Archived from the original on September 25, 2022. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
- ^ Sarao, Zacarian (July 30, 2022). "Bongbong Marcos vetoes transport safety board, tax-free poll workers' honoraria bills". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 30, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
- ^ Bordey, Hana (May 26, 2023). "Marcos bucks total deployment ban vs. Kuwait". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on May 26, 2023. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
- ^ Dela Peña, Kurt (June 29, 2023). "P278,434/month for Gadon as Cabinet member: Flaunting 'lack of prudence'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
- ^ Chi, Cristina (June 28, 2023). "Gadon as anti-poverty czar: What is his actual job? How much will he be paid?". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on June 28, 2023. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
- ^ Manahan, Job (June 27, 2023). "'BBM: Batang Busog, Malusog' is Gadon's first project as Marcos anti-poverty adviser". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
- ^ Domingo, Katrina (December 26, 2022). "Post-pandemic must-have: Marcos vows better internet in far-flung areas". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on December 27, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^ Galvez, Daphne (October 10, 2022). "Bongbong Marcos signs SIM Card Registration Act". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 10, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^ Hilotin, Jay (August 10, 2023). "Philippines: 54 million unregistered SIM cards deactivated, what happens next". Gulf News. Archived from the original on August 11, 2023. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
- ^ "Is it Brazil, Indonesia or Switzerland? Tourism advert of Philippines uses stock footage from other countries". WION. July 3, 2023. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
- ^ de Leon, Dwight (July 3, 2023). "'Love the Philippines' stock footage brouhaha draws lawmakers' ire". Rappler. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
- ^ Adel, Rosette (July 3, 2023). "DOT terminates tourism branding campaign contract with DDB Philippines after use of stock footage". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
- ^ Gascon, Melvin; Santos, Tina G. (July 6, 2023). "DOT chief keeping 'Love' campaign despite mess". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 5, 2023. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
- ^ Mangaluz, Jean (July 7, 2023). "Tourism chief Frasco still has Marcos' trust despite 'Love Philippines' video mess". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
- ^ Saavedra, John Rey (July 10, 2023). "PH to open 15 more tourist rest areas, says DOT chief". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on August 15, 2023. Retrieved June 2, 2024.
- ^ "PBBM, Frasco Lead Inauguration of Tourist Rest Area in Pagudpud". Department of Tourism. May 17, 2024. Archived from the original on June 2, 2024. Retrieved June 2, 2024.
- ^ Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (July 22, 2022). "PBBM pledges 'safer, more prosperous' PH amid challenging times". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
- ^ Sim, Dewey (July 18, 2023). "Xi's surprise meeting with Duterte the latest bid to improve ties with Manila". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on July 19, 2023. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ The Star/Asia News Network (March 2, 2022). "French court rules Malaysia owes $14.92 billion to sultan of Sulu's heirs". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 2, 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
- ^ Unite, Betheena (August 2, 2022). "Sulu sultanate heirs' Sabah issue a 'private claim,' says Palace". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on August 2, 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
- ^ Parrocha, Azer (September 8, 2022). "PBBM's Indonesia, Singapore trips reap $14.36B in biz deals". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on September 9, 2022. Retrieved September 9, 2022.
- ^ Parrocha, Azer (September 29, 2022). "Marcos gets $3.9-B investment pledges from US trip". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on September 29, 2022. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
- ^ Ang, Marvin Joseph (October 3, 2022). "Marcos's unannounced Singapore visit 'productive' one: Malacañang". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on October 3, 2022. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
- ^ Fernandez, Daniza (October 12, 2022). "Bongbong Marcos' trip to Singapore 'partly official, partly personal' — Bersamin". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
- ^ Baroña, Franco Joseph (June 11, 2022). "'China our strongest partner' – Marcos". The Manila Times. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
- ^ Viray, Patricia Lourdes (May 26, 2022). "'We can't go to war with China': Marcos echoes Duterte on West Philippine Sea". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
- ^ Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (September 24, 2022). "Marcos calls for 'diplomacy, dialogue' to settle SCS disputes". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
- ^ Bajo, Anna Felicia (November 11, 2022). "Marcos pushes for early conclusion of South China Sea Code of Conduct". GMA News Online. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
- ^ Strangio, Sebastian (January 28, 2022). "Philippines' Marcos to Pursue Bilateral Deal With Beijing Over South China Sea". The Diplomat. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
- ^ Corrales, Nestor; Santos, Tina (May 27, 2022). "Marcos to assert Hague ruling". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
- ^ "Marcos: PH has 'no territorial conflict with China'". CNN Philippines. September 24, 2022. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
- ^ Tiglao Rigoberto D. (August 28, 2024). "Marcos loses Escoda; US nowhere to help". The Manila Times. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
- ^ Tiglao Rigoberto D. (September 2, 2024). "China tightens control over Escoda; US betrays PH". The Manila Times. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
- ^ Robles, Raissa (October 2, 2022). "Philippines' Marcos Jnr weaves new diplomacy bringing back close-knit US ties". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on October 2, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
- ^ Parrocha, Azer (September 19, 2022). "Marcos sees stronger PH-US alliance in coming years". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on September 23, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
- ^ Valmonte, Kaycee (March 22, 2023). "New EDCA sites identified, Marcos gives hints on locations". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
- ^ Jackson, Allison (April 6, 2023). "Philippines' defense shift towards US risks China's fury". The Philippine Star. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on April 6, 2023. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
- ^ Heydarian, Richard Javad (April 4, 2023). "China roars as Philippines opens wider to US forces". Asia Times. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
- ^ Pinlac, Beatrice (August 6, 2022). "Blinken, Bongbong Marcos reaffirm defense treaty; President says it's 'in constant evolution'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 6, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
- ^ Calonzo, Andreo (August 1, 2022). "Marcos Shuns International Court Probing Duterte Drug War". Bloomberg. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
- ^ a b Parrocha, Azer (March 28, 2023). "PBBM: PH 'disengaging from any contact' with ICC". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
- ^ Santos, Tina G. (March 16, 2023). "PH formally asks ICC not to reopen drug war probe". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 15, 2023. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
- ^ Gregorio, Xave (November 19, 2022). "Marcos calls Russia-Ukraine war 'unacceptable'". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on June 3, 2024. Retrieved June 3, 2024.
- ^ Gomez, Jim (June 3, 2024). "Zelenskyy in Manila to promote peace summit, which he says China and Russia are trying to undermine". Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 3, 2024. Retrieved June 4, 2024.
- ^ Mangaluz, Jean (October 6, 2022). "Marcos admin gets high approval ratings in Pulse Asia survey". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 6, 2022. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
- ^ "September 2024 Nationwide Survey on the Performance and Trustworthiness Ratings of the Top National Government Officials". Pulse Asia Research Inc. Retrieved October 1, 2024.
- ^ News, GISELLE OMBAY, GMA Integrated (October 31, 2024). "Marcos, VP Sara trust ratings dip in latest OCTA survey". GMA News Online. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "PBBM holds majority approval, trust in Q3: OCTA". www.pna.gov.ph. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
- ^ News, JOVILAND RITA, GMA Integrated (August 27, 2024). "Marcos trust rating up, VP Sara dips in latest OCTA survey". GMA News Online. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Leon, Dwight de (September 13, 2024). "Marcos admin's satisfaction numbers up by double digits in SWS June poll". RAPPLER. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
- ^ "Social Weather Stations | SOCIAL WEATHER REPORT | Net satisfaction with the National Administration at +40, up from +29 in March 2024". www.sws.org.ph. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
- ^ "June 2024 Nationwide Survey on the Performance and Trustworthiness Ratings of the Top Philippine Government Officials". Pulse Asia Research Inc. Retrieved July 17, 2024.
- ^ "March 2024 Nationwide Survey on the Performance and Trustworthiness Ratings of the Top Philippine Government Officials and the Performance Ratings of the National Administration". Pulse Asia Research Inc. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
- ^ "Marcos, Duterte maintain 'majority' approval, trust ratings in March 2023 OCTA survey". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
- ^ "March 2023 Nationwide Survey on the Performance and Trustworthiness Ratings of the Top Philippine Government Officials and the Performance Ratings of the National Administration". Pulse Asia Research Inc. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
- ^ a b c d Lema, Karen; Cruz, Enrico Dela (May 10, 2022). "Philippines election winner Marcos tells world to judge him by actions, not family's past". Reuters. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
- ^ "Films about Martial Law, Marcoses to have free screening at Bantayog on Ninoy Aquino Day". Philstar Life. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
- ^ Maligro, Tatiana (September 8, 2022). "Rights groups push for 'immediate justice,' independent probe on PH human rights abuses". VERA Files. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
- ^ Relativo, James. "Ngayong SONA: Labor group inilapit 10-point demand kay Marcos Jr". Philstar.com. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
- ^ a b Abigan, Abigail (July 24, 2022). "LIST: SONA 2022 protests, activities". RAPPLER. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
- ^ "Iba-ibang grupo patuloy ang protesta sa resulta ng Halalan 2022". ABS-CBN News.
- ^ Contributors, Bulatlat (September 1, 2022). "Green groups seek Duterte's accountability over inaction on envi rights". Bulatlat. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ Lema, Karen (February 2, 2024). "'Open warfare': Philippines' Marcos-Duterte alliance crumbles". Reuters. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
- ^ "Ex-Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte Leads 'Prayer Rallies' Against Charter Change". thediplomat.com. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
- ^ News, GMA Integrated (January 28, 2024). "Duterte tells Marcos he might follow his father, says military should protect Constitution". GMA News Online. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ G, Herbie (January 29, 2024). "Foul-mouthed Duterte at it again, spits venom at Marcos and calls him 'drug addict'". RAPPLER. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
- ^ "PBBM: Fentanyl is taking a toll on FPRRD's health".
- ^ jsitchon0312 (February 26, 2024). "From 'drug addict' to 'dignified': Duterte softens tone toward Marcos in Cebu rally". RAPPLER. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Patumbon, Rojean Grace G. (June 15, 2024). "VP Sara clarifies UniTeam dissolution". SunStar Publishing Inc. Retrieved July 7, 2024.