Boning is the practice in American baseball of treating a baseball bat with a bone (typically a cattle femur).[1] The bone is run repeatedly up and down the barrel of the bat. The practice has the benefit of slightly hardening the bat by compressing the surface wood cells, and also (in superstition) of boosting hitting on the grounds that bone and hide go together, thus bone attracts hide, and as the baseball is covered in hide it will be attracted to the boned bat.
The bone may be bolted to a fixed surface, the bat being moved over the bone rather than the other way around.[2] Sometimes another stationary hard surface is used, or a bottle, as these are just as good at hardening the bat, although not imparting the superstitious benefit.
According to some sources, a harder bat surface, having less "give", experiences less deformation, thus forcing more deformation onto the baseball. The ball, being softer than wood, deforms more, so more kinetic energy is absorbed by the deformation, giving a lower coefficient of restitution to the entire event, and thus less speed of the ball coming off the bat, although the practical effect may be small; see bouncing ball physics.[3] Other sources claim the opposite effect,[1][4] and no conclusive testing proving the matter either way has been conducted.[5] In any case, bat weight, swing speed, pitch speed, and contact angle are more important factors.[6]
[T]his tree near the river where I lived was split by lightning. I liked the wood inside of it so I cut me out a bat. Hadn't used it much until I played semipro ball, but I always kept it oiled with sweet oil and boned it so it wouldn’t chip.
— Roy Hobbs, in Bernard Malabud's The Natural[7]
Boning is also held to lengthen bat life by reducing splintering.[8]
Unlike corking, boning is entirely legal under baseball rules.[2]
Through most of the 20th century, the great majority of major league bats were made of ash wood.[6] In 1997, maple wood bats were permitted in major league games, and became widely used in the 21st century,[5] following the example of home run champion Bobby Bonds.[6] Maple being harder than ash, there is less need for boning.[4] Also, in the early and mid 20th century bats had little factory processing beyond lathing, while modern bats undergo more factory processing, often including hardening and polishing. Consequently, boning is less efficacious and somewhat less common than in the early and mid 20th century.[9][2]
Sometimes, boning bats would be the duty of the batboy.[10][11]
References
edit- ^ a b "Why baseball players 'bone' their bats". Popular Science. May 20, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
- ^ a b c Jorge Castillo (May 31, 2017). "Why do the Nationals have a 38-year-old cow femur and what is bat boning?". Washington Post (via Tri-County Independent). Retrieved April 19, 2021.
- ^ "Science of Baseball: Tools of the Trade". Exploratorium. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
- ^ a b Doug Bernier (June 7, 2012). "How to Bone a Bat". Retrieved April 19, 2021.
- ^ a b "How Big-League Bats Are Getting Harder Than Ever". Wired. September 26, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
- ^ a b c Ben Walker (Summer 2010). "Properties of Baseball Bats". Baseball Research Journal. SABR (Society for American Baseball Research). Retrieved April 24, 2021.
- ^ Malamud, Bernard (1952). The Natural. Harcourt Brace and Company. ISBN 9785557117104.
- ^ Jaime Cárdenas (August 24, 2005). "Make no bones about it". [Spokane] Spokesman-Review. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
- ^ Larry Stone (September 23, 2008). "The Art of Baseball: Bat Talk". Seattle Times. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
- ^ Millard Fisher (Fall 2009). "James Lanier: Ty Cobb's Batboy". Baseball Research Journal. SABR (Society for American Baseball Research). Retrieved April 19, 2021.
- ^ "Lot #200: 1952 New York Yankees Batboy Boning Cliff Maples [sic] Baseball Bat". Mears Monthly Auctions. 2014. Retrieved April 19, 2021.