The Boulder Bank (Māori: Te Taero a Keropa or Te Tāhuna o Tama-i-ea) is a very unusual naturally formed landform in Nelson, New Zealand. It is a 13 km (8.1 mi) long stretch of rocky substrate which begins at the Mackay Bluff and ends at the Cut of the Nelson Harbour. Haulashore Island was once a part of the Boulder Bank, but the Cut made it an island, and it is no longer connected to the Boulder Bank. The Boulder Bank separates Tasman Bay and the Nelson Haven and is managed as a scenic reserve by the Department of Conservation. Land access is gained along Boulder Bank Drive, signposted at the northern end of Nelson Haven on State Highway 6.
Geology and geography
editThe Boulder Bank is composed of granodiorite.[1] The source of this rock is Mackay Bluff. It is still debated what process or processes have resulted in this odd structure. Longshore drift, however, is the most accepted hypothesis for creation. The main objection for longshore drift as the explanation is that Tasman Bay does not receive enough wave action to move the large boulders in a south west direction. Studies have been conducted since 1892 to determine speed of boulder movement. Rates of the top course gravel movement have been estimated at 7.5 m (25 ft) a year.[1]
The Cut
editThe Cut was made to enable the Nelson port to allow the increasing demands of sea transport for the Tasman area. Construction started in 1903 and in 1905 a 61 m (200 ft) wide entrance was operational.[2] Today the Cut is 150 m (490 ft) wide and dredged every six months to maintain a depth of 10 m (33 ft).[2]
Lighthouse
edit
The Boulder Bank Lighthouse was erected in 1862.[3] It is located near the port end of the Boulder Bank and was New Zealand's second permanent lighthouse. It is registered with the Historic Places Trust as a category I structure with registration number 41.[4]
Notes
edit- ^ a b M.R. Johnston (2001). "Nelson Boulder Bank". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 44: 79–88. doi:10.1080/00288306.2001.9514924.
- ^ a b Cawthron Institute (1976). History & Natural History of the Boulder Bank. Nelson Haven. Nelson, New Zealand: Cawthron Institute.
- ^ Phillips, Mark (2005). "New Zealand Lighthouses". Retrieved 1 December 2007.
- ^ "Boulder Bank Lighthouse". New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero. Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
References
edit- Hartstein, ND and Warren Dickinson, W (2005) Wave energy and clast transport in eastern Tasman Bay, New Zealand Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 31:6 (703–714).
- Warren, Karen. Rolling Stones: Nelson's Boulder Bank, Its Place in Our History and Hearts, 320 pp, 2009, Nikau Press, Nelson, New Zealand.