Bower is a Scottish and English surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Adrian Bower (born 1970), English actor
- Archibald Bower (1686–1766), Scottish historian
- B. M. Bower (1871–1940), American novelist
- Billy Bower (1887–1954), English footballer
- Caroline Bower, Australian medical researcher and professor of medicine
- David Bower (born 1969), Welsh actor
- Edward Bower (1635–1667), English portrait painter
- Emma Eliza Bower (1852–1937) American physician, club-woman, and newspaper owner, publisher, editor
- Frederick Orpen Bower (1855–1948), English botanist
- Graham John Bower (1848–1933), Irish diplomat
- Gordon H. Bower (1932–2020), American cognitive psychologist
- Hetty Bower (1905–2013), English activist
- Iris Bower (1915–2005), a Royal Air Force nurse
- James Campbell Bower (born 1988), English actor, singer, and model
- Jeff Bower (American football) (born 1953), American football coach
- Jeff Bower (basketball) (born 1961), American basketball executive
- Johnny Bower (1924–2017), Canadian hockey goaltender
- John Nott-Bower (1892–1972), British policeman
- Lester Bower (1947–2015), American mass murderer
- Louisa Nott-Bower (née Yorke, 1861–1925), Welsh archer
- Mark Bower (born 1980), English footballer
- Marvin Bower (1903–2003), American lawyer
- Matthew Bower, British musician
- Michael Bower (born 1975), American actor
- Norman Adolph Henry Bower (1907–1990), British politician
- Paul Bower (born 1988), Australian rules footballer
- Robert Bower (disambiguation), multiple people
- Scott Bower (born 1978), American soccer player
- Shane Bower (wrestler) (1965–2007), Canadian professional Wrestler
- Steve Bower, English radio presenter
- Thomas Bower (1838–1919), English architect
- Tom Bower (born 1946), British writer
- Tom Bower (actor) (born 1938), American actor
- Walter Bower (c.1385–1449), Scottish chronicler