Ziebell's handfish (Brachiopsilus ziebelli) is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Brachionichthyidae, the handfishes. This species is endemic to eastern and southern Tasmania. It is a very rare species and the International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies it as Critically Endangered.
| Ziebell's handfish | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Lophiiformes |
| Family: | Brachionichthyidae |
| Genus: | Brachiopsilus |
| Species: | B. ziebelli
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| Binomial name | |
| Brachiopsilus ziebelli | |
Taxonomy
editZiebell's handfish was first formally described in 2009 by the Australian zoologists Peter R. Last and Daniel C. Gledhill, its type locality being given as the Actaeon Islands in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel off Tasmania,[2] when they described three new species within the new genus Brachiopsilus. When they proposed this new genus they designated B. ziebelli as the type species.[3][4] The genus Brachiopsilus is classified within the family Brachionichthyidae which the 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the family Brachionichthyidae within the suborder Antennarioidei within the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes.[5]
Etymology
editZiebell's handfish has the genus name Brachiopsilus, which is a combination of brachium, which means "arm", and psilos, meaning "bare" or "smooth". This is an allusion to the smooth skin on the body and the arm-like pectoral fin. Its specific name honours the professional scuba diver Allan Ziebell who collected the type specimens while abalone fishing. Ziebell retained the fishes in his home aquarium before donating them to Last and Gledhill for their research[6]
Description
editZiebell's handfish has a small esca which has a length that is equivalent to 19-32% of that of the rather thick and fleshy Illicium (fish anatomy). The illicium is between 2.4 and 3 times the length of the head and is markedly longer than the second spine in the dorsal fin. It has a bulging head with small eyes and a wide mouth which has fleshy lips which show folds in their skin. Adults are scaleless, except for the lateral line. Thereare between 16 and 18 soft rays in the second dorsal fin and the anal fin has 9 or 10 soft rays. The caudal peduncle is short and the caudal fin is small. This species has a maximum published standard length of 11.7 cm (4.6 in)[7] The overall colour is pinkish to whitish marked on the upper body and flanks with irregularly shaped blotches which vary in colour from brownish to purplish. The fins are bright yellow and this yellow sometimes extends onto adjacent parts of the body.[8]
Distribution and habitat
editZiebell's handfish is endemic to the waters off eastern and southern Tasmania. here it has been recorded from the D’Entrecasteaux Channel, Cox Bight, and off the Forestier and Tasman Peninsulas. It is associated with reefs in water as shallow as 3 m (9.8 ft) and is thought to reach depths of as much as 40 m (130 ft). It is mainly recorded from rocky substrates with dense growth of sessil invertebrates, such as sponges, and seaweeds and the most frequent records came from rock shelves with dense growth of ascidians, bryozoans and sponges.[9]
Biology
editZiebell's handfish is little known, it is thought that its diet is made up of small invertebrates, like crustaceans and worms. The females lay egg masses close to sponges and on hatching the young fish, not larvae. settle on the substrate in the immediate vicinity of the egg mass.[9]
Conservation
editZiebell's handfish is very rare and, as of December 2021, listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List,[1] and Vulnerable under Australia's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). It is listed as Endangered under Tasmania's Threatened Species Protection Act 1995,[10] and all handfish species are protected under the Tasmanian Living Marine Resources Management Act 1995, which prohibits their collection in State waters without a permit.[11] The last confirmed sighting of Ziebell's handfish was in 2007 and the species may be extinct.[9]
References
edit- ^ a b Last, P.R.; Edgar, G. & Stuart-Smith, R. (2020). "Brachiopsilus ziebelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T123423098A123424339. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T123423098A123424339.en. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Brachiopsilus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Brachionichthyidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
- ^ Last, P.R.; Gledhill, D.C. (2009). "A revision of the Australian handfishes (Lophiiformes: Brachionichthyidae), with descriptions of three new genera and nine new species" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2252: 1–77.
- ^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 508–518. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf (14 November 2022). "Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 1): Families LOPHIIDAE, ANTENNARIIDAE, TETRABRACHIIDAE, LOPHICHTHYIDAE, BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE, CHAUNACIDAE and OGCOCEPHALIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Brachiopsilus ziebelli". FishBase. February 2024 version.
- ^ Dianne J. Bray. "Brachiopsilus ziebelli". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
- ^ a b c "Brachiopsilus ziebelli Ziebell's handfish" (PDF). Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
- ^ "Brachiopsilus ziebelli — Ziebell's Handfish, Waterfall Bay Handfish". Species Profile and Threats Database. SPRAT Profile. Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (Australia). Retrieved 30 December 2021.
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.
- ^ "Family Brachionichthyidae". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 29 December 2021. Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY 3.0 AU) licence.
