Brachybacterium is a genus of Gram positive, nonmotile bacteria. The cells are coccoid during the stationary phase, and irregular rods during the exponential phase. The genus name comes from Greek word brachy, meaning short, and Latin bacterium, meaning rods, referencing the short rods noted during the exponential phase.[1]
| Brachybacterium | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Actinomycetota |
| Class: | Actinomycetia |
| Order: | Micrococcales |
| Family: | Dermabacteraceae |
| Genus: | Brachybacterium Collins et al. 1988[1] |
| Type species | |
| Brachybacterium faecium Collins et al. 1988
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| Species | |
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See text. | |
The type species of the genus, Brachybacterium faecium, was first isolated from poultry deep litter in 1966 along with several other species.[2] Speciation of the strains was performed in 1975, but three of the strains did not cluster with any known taxon.[3] In 1988, further work was performed on the previously unclassified organisms, and the current genus was proposed.[1] Brachybacteria have been isolated from a stool sample of a healthy three-year-old girl,[4] garden soil,[5] Beaufort cheese, medieval wall paintings, a mouse liver, roots, salt fermented seafood, oil-contaminated coastal sand, sediment samples, and seawater.[6][7] A strain of Brachybacterium has been indicated as the cause of bloodborne infection in an 83 year-old man.[8]
Species
editBrachybacterium comprises the following species:[9]
- B. alimentarium Schubert et al. 1996
- B. aquaticum Kaur et al. 2016
- B. avium Tak et al. 2018
- B. conglomeratum (ex Migula 1900) Takeuchi et al. 1995
- B. endophyticum Tuo et al. 2018
- B. faecium Collins et al. 1988
- B. fresconis Heyrman et al. 2002
- B. ginsengisoli Hoang et al. 2014
- B. hainanense Liu et al. 2015
- B. halotolerans Chen et al. 2021
- B. horti Singh et al. 2016
- B. huguangmaarense Liu et al. 2014
- "B. massiliense" Tidjani-Alou et al. 2017
- B. muris Buczolits et al. 2003
- B. nesterenkovii Gvozdyak et al. 1992
- B. paraconglomeratum Takeuchi et al. 1995
- B. phenoliresistens Chou et al. 2007
- B. rhamnosum Takeuchi et al. 1995
- B. sacelli Heyrman et al. 2002
- B. saurashtrense Gontia et al. 2011
- B. squillarum Park et al. 2011
- B. subflavum Ming et al. 2021
- "B. timonense" Kuete et al. 2019
- B. tyrofermentans Schubert et al. 1996
- B. vulturis Tak et al. 2018
- B. zhongshanense Zhang et al. 2007
References
edit- ^ a b c Collins MD, Brown J, Jones D. (1988). "Brachybacterium faecium gen. nov., sp. nov., a coryneform bacterium from poultry deep litter". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 38: 45–48. doi:10.1099/00207713-38-1-45.
- ^ Schefferle HE. (1966). "Coryneform bacteria in poultry deep litter". J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29 (1): 147–160. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1966.tb03462.x.
- ^ Jones D. (1975). "A numerical taxonomic study of coryneform and related bacteria". J. Gen. Microbiol. 87 (1): 8752–96. doi:10.1099/00221287-87-1-52. PMID 805825.
- ^ Tidjani-Alou M, Cadoret F, Brah S, Diallo A, Sokhna C, Mehrej V, Lagier JC, Fournier PE, Raoult D. (2017). ""Khelaifiella massiliensis", "Niameybacter massiliensis", "Brachybacterium massiliense", "Enterobacter timonensis", "Massilibacillus massiliensis", new bacterial species and genera isolated from the gut microbiota of healthy infants". New Microbes and New Infections. 19 (19): 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2017.02.002. PMC 5477064. PMID 28652919. (This paper currently has an expression of concern, see doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101331, PMID 38799901, Retraction Watch)
- ^ Singh H, Du J, Yang JE, Yin CS, Kook M, Yi TH. (2016). "Brachybacterium horti sp. nov., isolated from garden soil". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 66 (1): 189–95. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.000696. PMID 26476895.
- ^ Kaur G, Kumar N, Mual P, Kumar A, Kumar RM, Mayilraj S. (2016). "Brachybacterium aquaticum sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from seawater". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 66 (11): 4705–10. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001414. PMID 27514821..
- ^ Gontia I, Kavita K, Schmid M, Hartmann A, Jha B. (2011). "Brachybacterium saurashtrense sp. nov., a halotolerant root-associated bacterium with plant growth-promoting potential". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 61 (12): 2799–2804. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.023176-0. PMID 21216918.
- ^ Tamai, Kiyoko; Akashi, Yusaku; Yoshimoto, Yuta; Yaguchi, Yuji; Takeuchi, Yosuke; Shiigai, Masanari; Igarashi, Jun; Hirose, Yumi; Suzuki, Hiromichi; Ohkusu, Kiyofumi (December 2018). "First case of a bloodstream infection caused by the genus Brachybacterium". Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy. 24 (12): 998–1003. doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2018.06.005. PMID 30007866. S2CID 206162922.
- ^ Euzéby JP, Parte AC. "Brachybacterium". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved May 18, 2022.
