The Brazilian Congregation is a monastic congregation of the order of Saint Benedict.[1] Founded in 1827, it is a member of the Benedictine Confederation.
History
edit
The first Benedictines came from Portugal to Brazil in 1581,[2] and the following year founded a monastery at Salvador da Bahia. As new foundations continued to be made, the monastery at Bahia became the provincial headquarters; the abbot served as the Provincial and Visitor.[3]
In 1822 Brazil became independent from Portugal, and the Holy See, with the papal seal Inter gravissimas 1827, ordered the constitution of the Brazilian congregation.[4] However, subsequent anticlerical legislation forbade the Brazilian monasteries to accept novices. By the end of the nineteenth century the Brazilian Congregation had been slowly dying. A change in government policy in 1889 reversed the earlier prohibitions. At that time the entire congregation numbered only about twelve members, of whom eight were abbots of over seventy years of age.[5]
The Abbot President of the Brazilian Congregation, Frei Domingos da Transfiguração Machado, appealed to Pope Leo XIII for help, asking him to solicit the aid of one of the European Benedictine congregations.[6]
In 1893 Dom Gerard van Caloen (1853-1932), a monk of Maredsous Abbey, was commissioned by Pope Leo XIII to restore the monastic life of his fellow Benedictines in Brazil.[7] In 1895, Caloen, and a group of monks from Maredsous arrived at the Abbey of São Bento in Olindo to begin the work of restoring it. This work was completed in 1910 with the promulgation of new Constitutions.
Caloen was appointed Abbot of São Bento at Olinda on 20 May 1896, and general vicar of the Brazilian congregation in 1899. In 1898 Caloen, founded a new monastic community for the specific intention of training missionaries.[7] His uncle donated the land. The new monastery, St. Andrew's Abbey, Zevenkerken (Dutch: Sint-Andriesabdij van Zevenkerken), was built in 1899–1900. In 1901, St. Andrew's Abbey was incorporated into the Brazilian Congregation, but was detached from it in 1920 to form the Congregation of the Annunciation.[8]
As of 2019, the congregation had 7 monasteries with 198 monks, 82 of whom are priests.[9] Since 2013 the Benedictines of Brazil are present also in Italy.[10]
Archabbots
edit- Gerard van Caloen, (1908-1915)
- Chrysostom de Saegher, (1915-1920)
- José da Santa Escolastica Faria (1920 -[11]
Monasteries
edit- Archabbey of Sao Sebastiao/ Monastery of St. Benedict, Salvador da Bahia (1581)
- Monastery of St. Benedict, Olinda (1586)
- The Abbey of Our Lady of Montserrat, Rio de Janeiro (1589)
- Monastery of São Bento, São Paulo (1598)
The Abbey of the Resurrection in Ponta Grossa was founded from São Paulo in 1981, and is part of the Hispanic Province of the Subiaco Cassinese Congregation.[12]
References
edit- ^ Ann. Pont. 2010, p. 1426.
- ^ L. Brasil e J.P. Müller, DIP, vol. II, col. 1472.
- ^ "Brazilian Monasticism ", Alliance Intermonastères
- ^ L. Brasil e J.P. Müller, DIP, vol. II, col. 1473.
- ^ Alston, George Cyprian. "The Benedictine Order." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 19 October 2022
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Dysinger O.S.B., Luke. "The Benedictine Missionary Movement", 1990, Saint Andrew's Abbey, Valyermo, California
- ^ a b "The archives of the St Andrew’s Abbey, Zevenkerken (Bruges)" KADOC
- ^ "Abbey Sancti Andreae", Congregatio Annuntiationis O.S.B.
- ^ "Benedictine Congregation of Brazil (O.S.B.)", GCatholic.org
- ^ "Abbaziasstefano". Archived from the original on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
- ^ The Catholic Encyclopedia: Supplement 1, Charles George Herbermann, (1922), p.678
- ^ "Abbey of the Resurrection", Subiaco Cassinese Congregation
