Breast examination, also known as clinical breast examination, is a physical examination performed by a medical professional on an individual presenting with signs and symptoms in a breast, periodically on some people with a family history of breast disease, or on a person with an incidental abnormal finding on imaging such as mammography.[1][2] Some organisations recommend a breast examination as part of routine screening, typically in some high risk groups.[3]
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_(13).jpg) Clinical breast examination |
Techniques may vary from one medical professional to another, but essentially follow the principles of obtaining informed consent, inspecting and then palpating the breasts, followed by looking for nearby lymph nodes.[3] A chaperone is offered prior to beginning the examination.[4] The method is similar in both males and females.[3]
In 2024, the US Department of Health and Human Services banned breast examination (and pelvic, prostate and rectal exams) without written informed consent, when such exams are done by medical students, nurse practitioners, or physician assistants for “educational and training purposes”.[5]
Medical use
editBreast examination is a physical examination performed by a medical professional on an individual presenting with signs and symptoms in a breast, periodically on some people with a family history of breast disease, or on a person with an incidental abnormal finding on imaging such as mammography.[1][2] Frequently, the individual seeking medical attention has already examined their breasts themselves and found a lump, skin change, pain or nipple discharge.[3]
Procedure
editTechniques may vary from one medical professional to another, but essentially follow the principles of obtaining informed consent, inspecting and then palpating the breasts, followed by looking for nearby lymph nodes.[3]
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Inspection -
palpation -
Assess for local lymph nodes
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Findings
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To describe the location of a finding, the nipple is frequently used as a clock face centre and any abnormality is described by the position it would be on a clock, how far it is from the nipple and how deep it is from the skin.[6] Examination findings are generally reported using particular terms; size, symmetry, texture, description of any lump and appearance of skin.[3]
References
edit- ^ a b Oliver; Duncan, Oliver; Dundas, Kirsty; Laird, lexandder (2018). "11. The reproductive tract". In Innes, J. Alastair; Dover, Anna R.; Fairhurst, Karen (eds.). Macleod's Clinical Examination (14th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 212–216. ISBN 978-0-7020-6991-8.
- ^ a b Newton, Erin V. (22 August 2022). "Breast Examination:Indications". Retrieved 11 January 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f Henderson, Jessica A.; Duffee, Doug; Ferguson, Troy (2022). "Breast Examination Techniques". StatPearls. PMID 29083747.
- ^ "Breast Examination". Oxford Medical Education.
- ^ "Hospitals must obtain written consent for pelvic and similar exams, the federal government says". AP News. April 1, 2024.
- ^ Newton, Erin V. "Breast Examination: Technique". Retrieved 23 August 2023.