Brenner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Adam Brenner, better known under his stage name Adam Bomb (born 1963), American musician
- Albert Brenner (1926–2022), American art director
- Al Brenner (1947–2012), American football player
- Andrew Brenner (born 1971), U.S. Republican party politician and member of the Ohio Senate
- Art Brenner (1924–2013), American artist
- Athalya Brenner (born 1943), Dutch-Israeli biblical scholar
- Barbara Brenner (1951–2013), American activist
- Benjamin Brenner (1903–1970), New York politician and judge
- Bert Brenner (1887–1971), American baseball player
- Bror Brenner (1885–1923), Finnish sailor
- Charles Brenner (biochemist), American biologist
- Charles Brenner (mathematician), American APL implementor and forensic mathematics
- Charles Brenner (psychiatrist) (1913–2008), American psychoanalyst
- Claudia Brenner (born 1956), American activist
- David Brenner (1936–2014), American comedian
- David S. Brenner (1962–2022), American film editor
- Eduard Brenner (1888–1970), German politician and anglicist
- Engelbert Brenner (1904–1986), Austrian-American musician
- Ernst Brenner (1856–1911), Swiss politician
- Eve Brenner (born 1926), American actress
- Ève Brenner (born 1941), French soprano
- George Brenner, American cartoonist
- Guillaume Brenner (born 1986), French-born Togolese footballer
- Helmut Brenner (1957–2017), Austrian ethnomusicologist
- Hoby Brenner (born 1959), American football player
- Jacob Brenner (1857–1921), American lawyer and judge
- Jeffrey Brenner, American CEO of the Jewish Board of Family and Children's Services
- John Brenner (disambiguation), several people
- Johnny Brenner (born 1971), Irish hurler
- Joshua Ilika Brenner (born 1976), Mexican swimmer
- József Brenner, better known under his pen name Géza Csáth (1887–1919), Hungarian writer
- Kehoma Brenner (born 1986), German rugby union player
- Lenni Brenner (born 1937), American activist
- Lisa Brenner (born 1974), American actress
- Ludwig von Brenner (1833–1902), German composer
- Malcolm Brenner, British scientist
- Marie Brenner, American writer
- Marie Pauline Brenner, American Catholic educator
- Mark Brenner, American journalist
- Moshe Brener (born 1971), Israeli basketball player
- Paolo Brenner (born 1966), German cardiac surgeon
- Rafael Resnick Brenner, Argentine lawyer and businessman
- Reeve Robert Brenner (born 1936), American rabbi
- Reuven Brenner, Canadian resident economist
- Robert Brenner, American historian
- Rodolfo Brenner, (1922–2018), Argentine chemist
- Sophia Elisabet Brenner (1659–1730), Swedish writer
- Sydney Brenner, (1927–2019), South African biologist
- Veronica Brenner (born 1974), Canadian skier
- Victor David Brenner (1871–1924), American sculptor and designer of the Lincoln Wheat Ears Cent
- Vytas Brenner (1946–2004), Venezuelan musician
- Yosef Haim Brenner (1881–1921), Ukrainian-born Hebrew-language author
- Walter Brenner (disambiguation), several people
- Zev Brenner, American talk radio host
- Zvi Brenner (1915–1999), Israeli military leader
Fictional characters include:
- Zeke Brenner, in the comic strip Doonesbury
- Dr. Martin Brenner, in the American television series Stranger Things
- Joseph P. Brenner, in the 1986 film Raw Deal
- Brenner, in the video game Advance Wars: Days of Ruin