Bruckner, Brueckner or Brückner (German: from Middle Low German brugge or Middle High German brugge brücke brügge "bridge" + the agent suffix -ner hence a topographic name for someone living by a bridge an occupational name for a bridge toll collector or in the southeast (Silesia for example) a bridge keeper or repairer) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Agnes Bruckner (born 1985), American actress
- Aleksander Brückner (1856–1939), Polish philologist
- Amy Bruckner (born 1991), American actress
- Anton Bruckner (1824–1896), Austrian composer, music theorist and classical organist
- David Bruckner (c. 1977), American film director
- D. J. R. Bruckner (1933–2013), American journalist
- Eduard Brückner (1862–1927), German scientist
- Ferdinand Bruckner (1891–1958), Austrian-German writer and theater manager
- Max Brückner (1860-1934), German geometer
- Henry Bruckner (1871–1942), American politician
- Karl Bruckner (1906–1986), Austrian writer
- Karel Brückner (born 1939), Czech football coach
- Pascal Bruckner (born 1948), French writer
- Ronny Bruckner (1957–2013), Belgian businessman
- Wilhelm Brückner (1884–1954)
- Wilhelm Brückner (murderer) (c.1894–1925)
- Wilhelm Brückner-Rüggeberg (1906–1985)