Bufo bankorensis (vernacular names: Central Formosa toad, Bankor toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae.[2] It is endemic to Taiwan[2][3][4] and widely distributed at elevations up to 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level.[3][4] There has been doubts about its separatedness from Bufo gargarizans from China and even other species,[2] but it is currently considered a valid species.[2][3][4]
| Bufo bankorensis | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Bufo |
| Species: | B. bankorensis
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| Binomial name | |
| Bufo bankorensis Barbour, 1908
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Description
editBufo bankorensis is a large toad that can reach 15 cm (5.9 in),[3] even 20 cm (7.9 in) in snout–vent length.[4] Females are larger than males.[4] The snout is short. Dorsolateral ridge is absent. The tympanum is not prominent. The parotoid glands are kidney-shaped. Skin is rough and covered with pointed tubercles of various size. Coloration is light brown color with orange, yellow, or black markings.[3]
Habitat and conservation
editBufo bankorensis are found in a range of habitats at elevations up to 3,000 m (9,800 ft):[3][4] broadleaf forests, cultivated fields, mixed forests, and orchards.[1] They can be seen foraging on insects under street lights during rainy nights.[3][4] Breeding can take place in both streams and pools.[1][3][4] One study found that a temperate population could breed throughout the year, while a subtropical population only bred during the cooler part of year, from September to March.[5]
While Bufo bankorensis is a very common species, habitat loss remains a threat to it. It is also collected for food and traditional medicine.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Bufo bankorensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54582A48987246. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T54582A48987246.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Bufo bankorensis Barbour, 1908". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Lue, Kuang-Yang. "Bufo bankorensis". BiotaTaiwanica. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Yang Yiru (2014). "Bufo bankorensis Barbour, 1908". In K. T. Shao (ed.). Taiwan Encyclopedia of Life (in Chinese). Forest Service and Academia Sinica. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
- ^ Huang, Wen-San; Yu, John Yuh-Lin (2005). "Reproductive characteristics of Bufo bankorensis at two elevations in Taiwan". Zoological Science. 22 (1): 111–117. doi:10.2108/zsj.22.111. PMID 15684591. S2CID 8418427.