Bugajski (feminine: Bugajska; plural: Bugajscy) is a Polish-language surname associated with any of locations named Bugaj. Notable people with this surname include:
- Adam Bugajski (born 1974), Polish civil servant
- Janusz Bugajski (born 1954), American advisor
- Josh Bugajski (born 1990), British rower
- Ryszard Bugajski (1943–2019), Polish filmmaker