CCIR System D is an analog broadcast television system used in Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Albania and the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan, North Korea, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus paired with the PAL/SECAM colour.[1][2][3][4]
Initially known as the I.B.T.O. 625-line system this was the first 625-line system, developed by Mark Krivosheev in 1948,[5][6] and later associated with the SECAM and PAL color systems. Used on VHF only in most countries, it usually combined with System K on UHF. In China, it is used for both VHF and UHF.[7][8]
Specifications
editThe general specifications for System D are listed below:[9]
- Frame rate: 25 Hz
- Interlace: 2/1
- Field rate: 50 Hz
- Lines/frame: 625
- Line rate: 15.625 kHz
- Visual bandwidth: 6 MHz
- Vision modulation: Negative
- Preemphasis: 50 μs
- Sound modulation: FM
- Sound offset: +6.5 MHz
- Channel bandwidth: 8 MHz
Television channels were arranged as follows:[10][11]
| Channel | Video carrier (MHz) | Audio carrier (MHz) |
|---|---|---|
| I | 41.75 | 48.25 |
| II | 49.75 | 56.25 |
| III | 59.25 | 65.75 |
| IV | 77.25 | 83.75 |
| 1 | 145.25 | 151.75 |
| 2 | 153.25 | 159.75 |
| 3 | 161.25 | 167.75 |
| 4 | 169.25 | 175.75 |
| 5 | 177.25 | 183.75 |
| 6 | 185.25 | 191.75 |
| 7 | 193.25 | 199.75 |
| 8 | 201.25 | 207.75 |
| 9 | 209.25 | 215.75 |
| Channel | Video carrier (MHz) | Audio carrier (MHz) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 49.75 | 56.25 |
| 2 | 59.25 | 65.75 |
| 3 | 77.25 | 83.75 |
| 4 | 85.25 | 91.75 |
| 5 | 93.25 | 99.75 |
| 6 | 175.25 | 181.75 |
| 7 | 183.25 | 189.75 |
| 8 | 191.25 | 197.75 |
| 9 | 199.25 | 205.75 |
| 10 | 207.25 | 213.75 |
| 11 | 215.25 | 221.75 |
| 12 | 223.25 | 229.75 |
| Channel | Frequency range (MHz) | Video carrier (MHz) | Audio carrier (MHz) | DTMB center frequency (MHz) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Band I | ||||
| 1 | 48.5 - 56.5 | 49.75 | 56.25 | 52.5 |
| 2 | 56.5 - 64.5 | 57.75 | 64.25 | 60.5 |
| 3 | 64.5 - 72.5 | 65.75 | 72.25 | 68.5 |
| 4 | 76 - 84 | 77.25 | 83.75 | 80 |
| 5 | 84 - 92 | 85.25 | 91.75 | 88 |
| Band III | ||||
| 6 | 167 - 175 | 168.25 | 174.25 | 171 |
| 7 | 175 - 183 | 176.25 | 182.75 | 179 |
| 8 | 183 - 191 | 184.25 | 190.75 | 187 |
| 9 | 191 - 199 | 192.25 | 198.75 | 195 |
| 10 | 199 - 207 | 200.25 | 206.75 | 203 |
| 11 | 207 - 215 | 208.25 | 214.75 | 211 |
| 12 | 215 - 223 | 216.25 | 222.75 | 219 |
| Ch | Video (MHz) | DTMB (MHz) | Audio (MHz) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13 | 471.25 | 474 | 477.75 |
| 14 | 479.25 | 482 | 485.75 |
| 15 | 487.25 | 490 | 493.75 |
| 16 | 495.25 | 498 | 501.75 |
| 17 | 503.25 | 506 | 509.75 |
| 18 | 511.25 | 514 | 517.75 |
| 19 | 519.25 | 522 | 525.75 |
| 20 | 527.25 | 530 | 533.75 |
| 21 | 535.25 | 538 | 541.75 |
| 22 | 543.25 | 546 | 549.75 |
| 23 | 551.25 | 554 | 557.75 |
| 24 | 559.25 | 562 | 565.75 |
| 25 | 605.25 | 610 | 611.75 |
| 26 | 613.25 | 618 | 619.75 |
| 27 | 621.25 | 626 | 627.75 |
| 28 | 629.25 | 634 | 635.75 |
| 29 | 637.25 | 642 | 643.75 |
| 30 | 645.25 | 650 | 651.75 |
| 31 | 653.25 | 658 | 659.75 |
| 32 | 661.25 | 666 | 667.75 |
| 33 | 669.25 | 674 | 675.75 |
| 34 | 677.25 | 682 | 683.75 |
| 35 | 685.25 | 690 | 691.75 |
| 36 | 693.25 | 698 | 699.75 |
| 37 | 701.25 | 706 | 707.75 |
| 38 | 709.25 | 714 | 715.75 |
| 39 | 717.25 | 722 | 723.75 |
| 40 | 725.25 | 730 | 731.75 |
| 41 | 733.25 | 738 | 739.75 |
| 42 | 741.25 | 746 | 747.75 |
| 43 | 749.25 | 754 | 755.75 |
| 44 | 757.25 | 762 | 763.75 |
| 45 | 765.25 | 770 | 771.75 |
| 46 | 773.25 | 778 | 779.75 |
| 47 | 781.25 | 786 | 787.75 |
| 48 | 789.25 | 794 | 795.75 |
| 49 | 797.25 | 802 | 803.75 |
| 50 | 805.25 | 810 | 811.75 |
| 51 | 813.25 | 818 | 819.75 |
| 52 | 821.25 | 826 | 827.75 |
| 53 | 829.25 | 834 | 835.75 |
| 54 | 837.25 | 842 | 843.75 |
| 55 | 845.25 | 850 | 851.75 |
| 56 | 853.25 | 858 | 859.75 |
| 57 | 861.25 | 866 | 867.75 |
| 58 | 871.25 | 874 | 877.75 |
| 59 | 879.25 | 882 | 885.75 |
| 60 | 887.25 | 890 | 893.75 |
| 61 | 895.25 | 898 | 901.75 |
| 62 | 903.25 | 906 | 909.75 |
- The original assignments of channels 25 to 57 were 2 MHz higher in frequency until c.1984. Channels 58 to 62 were deleted at this time.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Report 624-4 Characteristics of television systems (PDF). UIT. 1990.
- ^ "World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms". 30 August 2012. Archived from the original on 30 August 2012.
- ^ "Weltweite Fernsehsysteme (NTSC, PAL und SECAM)". www.paradiso-design.net. 2005. Retrieved 2023-03-06.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Amadeus Trappe, Raffael (2005). "Weltweite Fernsehsysteme (NTSC, PAL und SECAM)". www.paradiso-design.net. Retrieved 2023-06-05.[permanent dead link]
- ^ ""M.I. Krivosheev: Participation in the development of mass TV broadcasting" - an exhibition at Ostankino TV Center".
- ^ "Mark Iosifovich Krivosheev (1922-2018)".
- ^ 中华人民共和国国家标准 PAL-D制电视广播技术规范 GB 3174-1995 (in Chinese (China)). 中国标准出版社. 20 December 1995.
- ^ 中华人民共和国国家标准 有线电视频率配置 GB/T 17786-1999 (in Chinese (China)). 中国标准出版社. 12 July 1999. pp. 3–5.
- ^ "World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms". 2007-05-15. Archived from the original on 2007-05-15. Retrieved 2023-04-13.
- ^ "World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms". www.pembers.freeserve.co.uk. Archived from the original on 30 August 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ "World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms". www.pembers.freeserve.co.uk. Archived from the original on 30 August 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ "上海广播电视志". 上海通 (in Chinese (China)). 上海市地方志办公室. Retrieved 15 July 2023.