The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an agency of the federal government of the United States that has carried out numerous confirmed and alleged activities across the world since its founding in 1947.
Africa
editAngola
editDuring the Angolan Civil War, the CIA supported UNITA against the communist MPLA as part of Operation IA Feature. Funding UNITA with $32 million in cash and $16 million in weapons.[1]
Chad
editThroughout the 1980s, the CIA supported dictator of Chad Hissène Habré as a counter to dictator of Libya Muammar Gaddafi. Habré later went to trial in 2015 in Senegal for crimes against humanity, torture and war crimes.[2]
Democratic Republic of the Congo
editLibya
editDuring the War on Terror, the CIA and British MI6 cooperated with the Gaddafi regime. This included renditions of Libyan dissidents back to Gaddafi's regime, where they were often tortured. This was exposed from documents found in Tripoli during the 2011 Libyan Revolution.[3][4]
Somalia
editThe CIA has been alleged to have influenced the 1967 elections by financing Prime Minister Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal and other pro-western leaders.[5] In 2003, the CIA began to covertly arm and finance Somali warlords opposed to the Islamic Courts Union (ICU).[6] From the CIA station in Nairobi, Kenya CIA agents would make frequent trips to Mogadishu by plane where they would pay hundreds of thousands of dollars to the warlords. The CIAs policy was evaluated as a failure, due to the ICU continuing to hold power.[7][8]
South Africa
editFormer CIA agent and US diplomat Donald Rickard has claimed that the CIA helped arrest Nelson Mandela by informing South African police of his location in 1962, leading to the Rivona Trial and imprisonment until 1990. This is due to his associated with South African communists.[9][10] In a 2016 article, the African National Congress claimed CIA interference in South Africa was ongoing.[11]
Sudan
editAmericas
editCanada
editColombia
editGuatemala
editThe CIA has carried out a number of interventions in Guatemala, including:
- 1952: Operation PBFortune, a failed attempt to overthrow the democratically elected leader Jacobo Árbenz
- 1954: Operation PBSuccess, which overthrew Árbenz and led to decades of military rule in Guatemala
- 1954: Operation PBHistory, an attempt to prove a link between Árbenz and communism, while monitoring Latin American communists
Throughout the Guatemalan Civil War, the CIA trained the Guatemalan military, including during the Guatemalan genocide.
PBSuccess has been noted for radicalising Che Guevara towards Marxism.[12]
Honduras
editNicaragua
editThe CIA armed the Contras against the Sandinista government in the aftermath of the Nicaraguan Revolution from 1981 to 1990. This was hugely controversial due to human rights violations by the Contras, alleged cocaine trafficking and the Iran–Contra affair.
Peru
editUnited States
editAsia and Oceania
editAfghanistan
editCambodia
editChina
editIndia
editIndonesia
editIran
editIraq
editJapan
editLebanon
editMyanmar
editNorth Korea
editPakistan
editPhilippines
editTurkey
editVietnam
editEurope
editFrance
editGermany
editHungary
editItaly
editSoviet Union
editSpain
editThe CIA was suspected in the 2019 North Korean Embassy in Madrid incident. In which the defector organization Free Joseon broke into the North Korean Embassy in Madrid and stole hard drives before handing them over to the FBI.[13]
United Kingdom
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ Weiner, Tim (2007). Legacy of Ashes: This History of the CIA. Doubleday. pp. 348–349.
- ^ Brody, Reed (2016-06-28). "Enabling a Dictator". Human Rights Watch.
- ^ Batty, David (2011-09-03). "CIA worked with Libya in terror suspect renditions, documents show". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
- ^ "Files show MI6, CIA link to Gaddafi". France 24. 2011-09-03. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
- ^ Ellen Ray, William Schaap (1980). Dirty Work 2: The CIA In Africa. p. 16.
- ^ Cocodia, Jude (2021-04-03). "Rejecting African Solutions to African Problems: The African Union and the Islamic Courts Union in Somalia". African Security. 14 (2): 110–131. doi:10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026. ISSN 1939-2206. S2CID 236350899.
- ^ Mazzetti, Mark (2006-06-08). "CIA failed in Somalia, officials say - Americas - International Herald Tribune". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
- ^ Mazzetti, Mark (December 27, 2006). "U.S. Signals Backing for Ethiopian Incursion Into Somalia". The New York Times.
- ^ "Ex-CIA spy admits tip led to Nelson Mandela's long imprisonment". The Guardian. 15 May 2016. Archived from the original on 16 May 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
- ^ Taylor, Adam (2021-12-01). "The CIA's mysterious role in the arrest of Nelson Mandela". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-10-02.
- ^ PRESSE, AGENCE FRANCE (2016-05-16). "CIA spy tip-off led to arrest of Mandela: report". Capital News. Retrieved 2024-10-02.
- ^ "Guatemala: The coup that radicalised Che Guevara | Green Left". www.greenleft.org.au. 2014-05-30. Retrieved 2024-10-03.
- ^ Jones, Sam (2019-03-13). "Spain investigates possible CIA links to embassy break-in". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-10-03.