CMA1

For the November 2016 UNFCCC COP 22/CMP 12/CMA 1 meeting in Marrakech, see 2016 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

Chymase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CMA1 gene.

CMA1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3S0N, 1NN6, 4AFS, 1PJP, 1T31, 2HVX, 3N7O, 4AG1, 4K69, 4KP0, 1KLT, 4AFZ, 4AG2, 4K2Y, 4K60, 4AFU, 4K5Z, 4AFQ
Identifiers
Aliases	CMA1, CYH, MCT1, chymase, chymase 1
External IDs	OMIM: 118938; MGI: 96941; HomoloGene: 55606; GeneCards: CMA1; OMA:CMA1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 14 (human) Band 14q12 Start 24,505,353 bp End 24,508,265 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 14 (mouse) Band 14 C3|14 28.19 cM Start 56,178,908 bp End 56,182,132 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in testicle gallbladder skin of hip rectum skin of limb skin of leg skin of abdomen subcutaneous adipose tissue epithelium of colon mucosa of transverse colon Top expressed in dermis umbilical cord lip tunica adventitia of aorta ankle tongue skin of abdomen skin of back skin of external ear intercostal muscle More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function peptide binding peptidase activity serine-type endopeptidase activity hydrolase activity serine-type peptidase activity endopeptidase activity Cellular component extracellular matrix secretory granule extracellular region extracellular space cytoplasm collagen-containing extracellular matrix Biological process peptide metabolic process angiotensin maturation proteolysis positive regulation of angiogenesis regulation of inflammatory response midbrain development cellular response to glucose stimulus extracellular matrix disassembly basement membrane disassembly Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1215 17228 Ensembl ENSG00000092009 ENSMUSG00000022225 UniProt P23946 P21844 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001308083 NM_001836 NM_010780 RefSeq (protein) NP_001295012 NP_001827 NP_034910 Location (UCSC) Chr 14: 24.51 – 24.51 Mb Chr 14: 56.18 – 56.18 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

This gene product is a chymotryptic serine proteinase that belongs to the peptidase family S1. It is expressed in mast cells and thought to function in the degradation of the extracellular matrix, the regulation of submucosal gland secretion, and the generation of vasoactive peptides. In the heart and blood vessels, this protein, rather than angiotensin converting enzyme, is largely responsible for converting angiotensin I to the vasoactive peptide angiotensin II. Angiotensin II has been implicated in blood pressure control and in the pathogenesis of hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. Thus, this gene product is a target for cardiovascular disease therapies. This gene maps to 14q11.2 in a cluster of genes encoding other proteases.

Further reading

• Urata H, Nishimura H, Ganten D (1996). "Chymase-dependent angiotensin II forming systems in humans". Am. J. Hypertens. 9 (3): 277–84. doi:10.1016/0895-7061(95)00349-5. PMID 8695029.
• Takai S, Miyazaki M (2003). "Effect of chymase inhibitor on vascular proliferation". Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 90 (3): 223–7. doi:10.1254/jjp.90.223. PMID 12499576.
• Urata H, Kinoshita A, Perez DM, et al. (1991). "Cloning of the gene and cDNA for human heart chymase". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (26): 17173–9. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)47355-9. PMID 1894611.
• Jenne DE, Tschopp J (1991). "Angiotensin II-forming heart chymase is a mast-cell-specific enzyme". Biochem. J. 276 (2): 567–8. doi:10.1042/bj2760567. PMC 1151130. PMID 2049082.
• Caughey GH, Zerweck EH, Vanderslice P (1991). "Structure, chromosomal assignment, and deduced amino acid sequence of a human gene for mast cell chymase". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (20): 12956–63. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98788-0. PMID 2071582.
• Urata H, Boehm KD, Philip A, et al. (1993). "Cellular localization and regional distribution of an angiotensin II-forming chymase in the heart" (PDF). J. Clin. Invest. 91 (4): 1269–81. doi:10.1172/JCI116325. PMC 288095. PMID 7682566.
• Saarinen J, Kalkkinen N, Welgus HG, Kovanen PT (1994). "Activation of human interstitial procollagenase through direct cleavage of the Leu83-Thr84 bond by mast cell chymase". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (27): 18134–40. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32427-4. PMID 8027075.
• Schechter NM, Wang ZM, Blacher RW, et al. (1994). "Determination of the primary structures of human skin chymase and cathepsin G from cutaneous mast cells of urticaria pigmentosa lesions". J. Immunol. 152 (8): 4062–9. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.152.8.4062. PMID 8144971.
• Schechter NM, Jordan LM, James AM, et al. (1993). "Reaction of human chymase with reactive site variants of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. Modulation of inhibitor versus substrate properties". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (31): 23626–33. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)49508-2. PMID 8226889.
• Sukenaga Y, Kido H, Neki A, et al. (1993). "Purification and molecular cloning of chymase from human tonsils". FEBS Lett. 323 (1–2): 119–22. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(93)81461-8. PMID 8495723. S2CID 3925572.
• Nakano A, Kishi F, Minami K, et al. (1997). "Selective conversion of big endothelins to tracheal smooth muscle-constricting 31-amino acid-length endothelins by chymase from human mast cells". J. Immunol. 159 (4): 1987–92. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.159.4.1987. PMID 9257865.
• McGrath ME, Mirzadegan T, Schmidt BF (1998). "Crystal structure of phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride-treated human chymase at 1.9 A". Biochemistry. 36 (47): 14318–24. doi:10.1021/bi971403n. PMID 9400368.
• Kishi F, Minami K, Okishima N, et al. (1998). "Novel 31-amino-acid-length endothelins cause constriction of vascular smooth muscle". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 248 (2): 387–90. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8980. PMID 9675146.
• Pereira PJ, Wang ZM, Rubin H, et al. (1999). "The 2.2 A crystal structure of human chymase in complex with succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-chloromethylketone: structural explanation for its dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase specificity". J. Mol. Biol. 286 (1): 163–73. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2462. PMID 9931257.
• Pereira PJ, Wang ZM, Rubin H, et al. (1999). "The 2.2 A Crystal Structure of Human Chymase in Complex with Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-chloromethylketone: Structural Explanation for its Dipeptidyl Carboxypeptidase Specificity". Journal of Molecular Biology. 286 (4): 817. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.2691. PMID 10208809.
• de Paulis A, Minopoli G, Dal Piaz F, et al. (1999). "Novel autocrine and paracrine loops of the stem cell factor/chymase network". Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 118 (2–4): 422–5. doi:10.1159/000024153. PMID 10224464. S2CID 29124141.
• Caughey GH, Raymond WW, Wolters PJ (2000). "Angiotensin II generation by mast cell alpha- and beta-chymases". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1480 (1–2): 245–57. doi:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00076-5. PMID 10899625.
• Mellon MB, Frank BT, Fang KC (2002). "Mast cell alpha-chymase reduces IgE recognition of birch pollen profilin by cleaving antibody-binding epitopes". J. Immunol. 168 (1): 290–7. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.1.290. PMID 11751973.

External links

• Human CMA1 genome location and CMA1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.