In molecular biology, the CRM domain is an approximately 100-amino acid RNA-binding domain. The name CRM (chloroplast RNA splicing and ribosome maturation) has been suggested to reflect the functions established for four characterised members of the family: Zea mays (Maize) CRS1, CAF1 and CAF2 proteins and the Escherichia coli protein YhbY. Proteins containing the CRM domain are found in eubacteria, archaea, and plants. The CRM domain is represented as a stand-alone protein in archaea and bacteria, and in single- and multi-domain proteins in plants. It has been suggested that prokaryotic CRM proteins existed as ribosome-associated proteins prior to the divergence of archaea and bacteria, and that they were co-opted in the plant lineage as RNA binding modules by incorporation into diverse protein contexts. Plant CRM domains are predicted to reside not only in the chloroplast, but also in the mitochondrion and the nucleo/cytoplasmic compartment. The diversity of the CRM domain family in plants suggests a diverse set of RNA targets.[1][2]
| CRS1_YhbY | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 solution structure of the hypothetical protein sav1595 from staphylococcus aureus, a putative rna binding protein | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | CRS1_YhbY | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF01985 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR001890 | ||||||||
| PROSITE | PDOC01005 | ||||||||
| SCOP2 | 1jo0 / SCOPe / SUPFAM | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The CRM domain is a compact alpha/beta domain consisting of a four-stranded beta sheet and three alpha helices with an alpha-beta-alpha-beta-alpha-beta-beta topology. The beta sheet face is basic, consistent with a role in RNA binding. Proximal to the basic beta sheet face is another moiety that could contribute to nucleic acid recognition. Connecting strand beta1 and helix alpha2 is a loop with a six amino acid motif, GxxG flanked by large aliphatic residues, within which one 'x' is typically a basic residue.[3]
Escherichia coli YhbY is associated with pre-50S ribosomal subunits, which implies a function in ribosome assembly. GFP fused to a single-domain CRM protein from maize localises to the nucleolus, suggesting that an analogous activity may have been retained in plants.[2] A CRM domain containing protein in plant chloroplasts has been shown to function in group I and II intron splicing.[4] In vitro experiments with an isolated maize CRM domain have shown it to have RNA binding activity. These and other results suggest that the CRM domain evolved in the context of ribosome function prior to the divergence of Archaea and Bacteria, that this function has been maintained in extant prokaryotes, and that the domain was recruited to serve as an RNA binding module during the evolution of plant genomes.[2] YhbY has a fold similar to that of the C-terminal domain of translation initiation factor 3 (IF3C), which binds to 16S rRNA in the 30S ribosome.[5]
References
edit- ^ Ostheimer GJ, Williams-Carrier R, Belcher S, Osborne E, Gierke J, Barkan A (August 2003). "Group II intron splicing factors derived by diversification of an ancient RNA-binding domain". EMBO J. 22 (15): 3919–29. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg372. PMC 169045. PMID 12881426.
- ^ a b c Barkan A, Klipcan L, Ostersetzer O, Kawamura T, Asakura Y, Watkins KP (January 2007). "The CRM domain: an RNA binding module derived from an ancient ribosome-associated protein". RNA. 13 (1): 55–64. doi:10.1261/rna.139607. PMC 1705760. PMID 17105995.
- ^ Ostheimer GJ, Barkan A, Matthews BW (November 2002). "Crystal structure of E. coli YhbY: a representative of a novel class of RNA binding proteins". Structure. 10 (11): 1593–601. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00886-9. PMID 12429100.
- ^ Asakura Y, Barkan A (December 2007). "A CRM domain protein functions dually in group I and group II intron splicing in land plant chloroplasts". Plant Cell. 19 (12): 3864–75. doi:10.1105/tpc.107.055160. PMC 2217638. PMID 18065687.
- ^ Till B, Schmitz-Linneweber C, Williams-Carrier R, Barkan A (September 2001). "CRS1 is a novel group II intron splicing factor that was derived from a domain of ancient origin". RNA. 7 (9): 1227–38. doi:10.1017/S1355838201010445. PMC 1370168. PMID 11565746.