Cadentown School in Lexington, Kentucky was a primary public school for black children in the segregated Fayette County Public Schools from about 1879 to 1922. The building that originally housed Cadentown School, located at 705 Caden Lane, is no longer extant. However, the Rosenwald Fund School (built sometime between 1922 and 1923 in the same general area as the original school building) is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Fayette County.[1]
| Cadentown School | |
|---|---|
 Cadentown School, 1901 - slate reads "Caden town No1 JW Durett Teacher" | |
| Address | |
 | |
705 Caden Lane Lexington , Kentucky , 40509 | |
| Information | |
| Opened | circa 1879 |
| Closed | 1922 |
| Grades | 1–6 |
Origins
editThe Cadentown School served as an important center for the Cadentown community, a small village situated on about forty acres of land in the eastern part of Fayette County, Kentucky. The village was created by an organized series of land lot purchases from a white farmowner Owen Caden[2] who had purchased the land for the purposes of selling it in 1-8 acre lots to African-Americans and Civil War refugees seeking to start a new life. In addition to private homes, the community built public roadways and buildings, several of which are still standing today: two historic churches, a fraternal order lodge. The Cadentown Baptist Church was the first of the public buildings built by the community in 1879. The congregation offered a portion of its church lot for the construction of a school.[3]
Rural Model School
editBy 1914 Kentucky hired five county supervisors, one of which was dedicated to Fayette County, to oversee the work being done in the segregated schools for African-Americans. In addition, Florence G. Anderson was hired to supervise homemaker clubwomen's activities and to develop more rigorous pedagogies in the domestic sciences for teachers in the county "colored schools."[4]
In 1917 Julius Rosenwald organized the Rosenwald Fund to donate matching funds for the construction of rural model schools for African-Americans. Fayette County and its residents found he required matching funds for the construction of five schools (Uttingertown, Coletown, Avon, Ft. Springs and Douglass School) and one shop (an addition to the Douglass School). Of these six structures, Cadentown School is the only surviving Rosenwald Fund School in Fayette County.[3]
The one-teacher community school at Cadentown was built from the plans prepared by the Frankel-Curtis Company, Architects and Engineers of Lexington, Kentucky. Its construction cost $3,000 of which only $500 came from the Rosenwald Fund.[4] When it was completed, the new school opened in 1923 and served the local community until its closure at the end of the school year in 1947. The Cadentown Baptist Church continued to use the school building as an activity center, but when the church moved to a new location in the community, the property and buildings were sold to a private owner.
Structure
editThe Rosenwald funded Cadentown School is a one-story frame structure that is rectangular in plan: approximate 22 feet wide and 43 feet deep. The building has a southeast–northwest orientation with a simple gable roof (shingled) and a foundational grid of 15" x 15" concrete piers hidden with a skirt of vertical wood boards. The building is divided into five main spaces:
- the entrance vestibule
- two cloak rooms on either side of the entrance vestibule with single doors into each of these small rooms from the main classroom
- the main classroom (roughly 21 feet wide by 29 feet deep) with a brick flue located in the north corner to allow for a small heating stove (now gone); also, originally, two large blackboards were mounted on the northeast and northwest walls (the northeast wall's blackboard is now missing)
- the domestic science room is accessible from a single door on the northwest wall of the main classroom and runs the full width of the rear of the school building; the brick flue originally also allowed for the installation of a cook stove for this smaller room
All the walls and ceilings of the interior were sheathed with narrow beaded board. The large, oversized windows allowed the two instructional rooms to take advantage of natural lighting.
Current Condition and Hopes for a Museum
edit
The Cadentown Neighborhood Association has been working to preserve this important legacy of Black history in Kentucky. The latest private owner of the property refuses to sell it or to restore the crumbling structure.[5] Around 2005, the Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government acquired the property and plans to renovate the structure.[3]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Cadentown School". National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places. 5 April 2006. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
- ^ "Owen Caden 3871, Fayette County". Ancestry.com Message Board. 23 June 2001. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
- ^ a b c "Cadentown School (NPS National Register of Historic Places Registration Form)". National Park Service. 5 April 2006. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
- ^ a b Turley-Adams, Alicestyne (May 2005) [First printed 1997]. "Rosenwald Schools in Kentucky, 1917–1932" (PDF). Frankfort, KY: Kentucky Heritage Council, State Historic Preservation Office. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
- ^ "Group hopes to preserve one-room school: Plan would convert building to museum". Cincinnati.com. 23 October 2001. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
Further reading
edit
- "African American Schools in Lexington and Fayette County, KY". Lexington, KY: Notable Kentucky African Americans Database, University of Kentucky Libraries. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
- Anderson, James D. (1988). The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860–1935. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-4221-8.
- Preserving the African American heritage of the Commonwealth: The 705 Caden Lane property, Cadentown, Fayette County, Kentucky. Cadentown Neighborhood Association (Ky.), Greater Lexington Convention and Visitors Bureau (Ky.), & University of Kentucky Program for Archaeological Research. 2001. OCLC 618512652.
- ""Cadentown"; Large group of African-American students and teacher stand in front of white wooden school house. A young girl holds a slate board that reads 'Caden town No1 JW Durrett (?) Teacher', 1901". Fayette County Schools Photographic Collection, 1901; Kentucky Digital Library. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
- "Cadentown Rosenwald School, Caden Lane, Lexington, Fayette County, KY". Washington D.C.: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
- "Cadentown School (Images)". National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places. 5 April 2006. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
- "Cadentown School (Text)". National Park Service. 5 April 2006. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
- Kennedy, Rachel; Johnson, Cynthia (January 2002). Kentucky Historic Schools Survey: An Examination of the History and Condition of Kentucky's Older School Buildings (PDF). Frankfort, KY: The Kentucky Heritage Council.
- Historic American Buildings Survey: Cadentown Rosenwald School, HABS No. KY-288. Lexington, KY: Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government. Prepared by Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc. 2005.
- Meece, Leonard Ephraim (March 1938). "Negro Education in Kentucky," Bulletin of the Bureau of School Service, Vol. X, no. 3. Frankfort, KY: Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives.
- Smith, Peter Craig (1972). Negro Hamlets and Gentlemen Farms: A Dichotomous Rural Settlement Pattern in Kentucky's Bluegrass Region (Ph.D.). University of Kentucky.
- Taylor, L.N. (May 1943). "Negro Education in Kentucky". Commonwealth of Kentucky Educational Bulletin. Frankfort, KY: Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives.
- Turley-Adams, Alicestyne (May 2005) [First printed 1997]. Rosenwald Schools in Kentucky, 1917–1932 (PDF). Frankfort, KY: Kentucky Heritage Council, State Historic Preservation Office.
- Venable, Thomas Calvin (1952). A History of Negro Education in Kentucky (Thesis). Nashville, TN: Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Education, George Peabody College for Teachers.