Caladenia horistes, commonly known as the cream spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single, hairy leaf and one or two, creamy-yellow flowers which have a red-striped labellum and long, dark, thread-like tips on the sepals and petals.
| Cream spider orchid | |
|---|---|
| |
| Caladenia horistes growing near Ongerup | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Diurideae |
| Genus: | Caladenia |
| Species: | C. horistes
|
| Binomial name | |
| Caladenia horistes | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Description
editCaladenia horistes is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf, 40–160 mm (2–6 in) long and 3–7 mm (0.1–0.3 in) wide. One or two flowers 50–80 mm (2–3 in) long and 40–60 mm (1.6–2.4 in) wide are borne on a stalk 140–250 mm (6–10 in) tall. The flowers are cream-coloured to creamy-yellow and the sepals and petals spread horizontally but have long, drooping, dark, thread-like tips. The dorsal sepal is erect, 45–90 mm (2–4 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) wide at the base and the lateral sepals are about the same size. The petals are 40–80 mm (2–3 in) long and about 3 mm (0.1 in) wide. The labellum is 12–16 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long and 10–13 mm (0.4–0.5 in) wide and a similar colour to the sepals and petals but with pale brown or red lines and blotches. The sides of the labellum have short teeth, the tip is turned downwards and there are two rows of cream to yellowish, anvil-shaped calli along its centre. Flowering occurs from August to early October.[2][3][4][5]
Taxonomy and naming
editCaladenia horistes was first described in 2001 by Stephen Hopper and Andrew Phillip Brown from a specimen collected in the Wittenoom Hills north of Esperance and the description was published in Nuytsia.[1] The specific epithet (horistes) is an Ancient Greek word meaning "definer of boundaries"[6] referring to the distribution of this species being at the easterly limit distribution of orchids similar to this species.[3]
Distribution and habitat
editThe cream spider orchid occurs between the Fitzgerald River National Park and Balladonia in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee biogeographic regions where it grows in shrubland near creeks and around granite outcrops.[2][3][4][5][7]
Conservation
editCaladenia horistes is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Caladenia horistes". APNI. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
- ^ a b Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 105. ISBN 1877069124.
- ^ a b c Brown, Andrew; Dundas, Pat; Dixon, Kingsley; Hopper, Stephen (2008). Orchids of Western Australia. Crawley, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. p. 63. ISBN 9780980296457.
- ^ a b Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). Orchids of South-West Australia (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. p. 47. ISBN 9780646562322.
- ^ a b Archer, William. "Caladenia horistes". Esperance Wildflowers. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
- ^ Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 157.
- ^ a b "Caladenia horistes". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.