Calcium plumbate is an inorganic chemical that has been used extensively as an anticorrosive pigment in paints and coatings.[2][3][4][5] The formula is given as CaO3Pb,[6][7] but also is shown as CaO4Pb2 in other sources.[8][9] The compound has REACH restricted status due to the general toxicity of lead based compounds.[10]
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3D model (JSmol)
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.031.434 |
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| CaO3Pb | |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling:[1] | |
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| Warning | |
| H341, H351, H360Df, H373 | |
| P203, P260, P280, P318, P319, P405, P501 | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Manufacture
editIt is usually manufactured by the reaction of calcium oxide (CaO) and lead oxide (PbO) at high temperature in the presence of excess oxygen.[11]
Recent research indicates that it can be prepared by sol-gel methodology.[12]
Toxicology
editCalcium plumbate and other lead paint additives have been known to cause lead poisoning for over 50 years.[13] The effects of paint containing calcium plumbate dust have likewise been studied and analytical techniques developed to assess lead content.[14][15] Studies also include finding calcium plumbate in soils and further possible bioaccumulation.[16] The demand for lead in all forms is decreasing worldwide,[17] though the use of calcium plumbate and other heavy metal compounds in cement and concrete is subject to recent research and the specific toxicology studied.[18]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Calcium plumbate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- ^ Wesson, H.C. (1960-01-01). "RUST INHIBITION THROUGH: CALCIUM PLUMBATE PIGMENT". Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials. 7 (2): 37–38. doi:10.1108/eb019682. ISSN 0003-5599.
- ^ Read, N.J. (1956-01-01). "CALCIUM PLUMBATE: A Post-War Development in Anti-Corrosive Paint Pigments". Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials. 3 (4): 119–123. doi:10.1108/eb019166. ISSN 0003-5599.
- ^ "The Commercial Advantages of CALCIUM PLUMBATE PAINT". Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials. 3 (7): 233–235. 1956-01-01. doi:10.1108/eb019199. ISSN 0003-5599.
- ^ Mayne, J. E. O. (May 1970). "Paints for the Protection of Steel—a Review of Research into their Modes of Action". British Corrosion Journal. 5 (3): 106–111. doi:10.1179/000705970798324685. ISSN 0007-0599.
- ^ PubChem. "Calcium plumbate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
- ^ "CALCIUM PLUMBATE". www.chemsrc.com. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
- ^ "CALCIUM PLUMBATE - 12013-69-3 | Vulcanchem". www.vulcanchem.com. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
- ^ "CALCIUM PLUMBATE | 12013-69-3". ChemicalBook. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
- ^ PubChem. "Calcium plumbate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
- ^ Martini, P. L.; Bianchini, A. (May 1969). "Formation of calcium plumbate: Kinetics and mechanism of reaction". Journal of Applied Chemistry. 19 (5): 147–152. doi:10.1002/jctb.5010190504. ISSN 0021-8871.
- ^ Rubešová, Kateřina; Sýkorová, Dagmar (2009-02-01). "Preparation of calcium plumbate via different route". Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. 49 (2): 228–232. doi:10.1007/s10971-008-1848-3. ISSN 1573-4846. S2CID 95984137.
- ^ Timmins, F. D. (1972). "The danger of lead in paints". The Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 15 (1): 117–122. doi:10.1093/annhyg/15.1.117. PMID 5044502. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
- ^ Sturges, W. T.; Harrison, Roy M. (1985-09-01). "An assessment of the contribution from paint flakes to the lead content of some street and household dusts". Science of the Total Environment. 44 (3): 225–234. Bibcode:1985ScTEn..44..225S. doi:10.1016/0048-9697(85)90096-8. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 4048930.
- ^ Jones, K.; McDonald, A. (1983-01-01). "The efficiency of different methods of extracting lead from street dust". Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical. 6 (2): 133–143. doi:10.1016/0143-148X(83)90009-5. ISSN 0143-148X.
- ^ Hunt, Andrew (2016-08-01). "Relative bioaccessibility of Pb-based paint in soil". Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 38 (4): 1037–1050. Bibcode:2016EnvGH..38.1037H. doi:10.1007/s10653-015-9789-6. ISSN 1573-2983. PMID 26744019. S2CID 207124185.
- ^ Wilson, David N. (2006-10-01). "Beyond batteries: Other trends in the demand for lead". JOM. 58 (10): 24–27. Bibcode:2006JOM....58j..24W. doi:10.1007/s11837-006-0196-4. ISSN 1543-1851. S2CID 109320784.
- ^ Saini, Surendra Kumar; Ransinchung, G. D.; Kumar, Praveen; Ray, Sonalisa (2022-03-28). "Investigation of jarosite-cement blends for hydration process and mechanical behavior in PQC mixes". Innovative Infrastructure Solutions. 7 (3): 198. Bibcode:2022InnIS...7..198S. doi:10.1007/s41062-021-00707-6. ISSN 2364-4184. S2CID 247767467.