Callimedusa tomopterna, the tiger-striped tree frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. It is found in northern South America in the Upper Amazon Basin of Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia, Amazonian Brazil, and the Guianas from southeastern Venezuela to French Guiana. It might represent more than one species.[2]
| Callimedusa tomopterna | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Hylidae |
| Subfamily: | Phyllomedusinae |
| Genus: | Callimedusa |
| Species: | C. tomopterna
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| Binomial name | |
| Callimedusa tomopterna (Cope, 1868)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Appearance
editAdult males measure 44 mm (1.7 in) to 54 mm (2.1 in) in snout-vent length while adult female are larger at 60 mm (2.4 in). Its skin is green with orange pigmentation on the flanks and legs. The irises are silver or gray in color.[3]
Habitat
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The tiger-striped tree frog is an arboreal species that occurs in pristine tropical rainforests, usually on trees around temporary to semi-temporary pools during the wet season, but specimens have been also collected in open areas and floodable forests on shrubs and aquatic edges.[1]
It occurs at elevations up to 500 m (1,600 ft) above sea level. It is an uncommon species in most parts of its range. It can locally suffer from habitat loss.[1]
Behaviour and reproduction
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Tiger-striped tree frogs are nocturnal and sleep throughout the day. At night, males are able to communicate to females through vocal calls. Nighttime is also when they search for food.[4] The reproductive aspects reported for the species of this family are marked by the uniqueness of egg deposition, placed on green leaves hanging under standing water, where the tadpoles will complete their development.[4] The lack of availability of sites for reproduction can lead to sites being shared by different frog species, which can sometimes lead to interspecific mating. This is especially seen when males are actively looking for females through satellite behaviour or have limited capacity to differentiate between sexes. This is an often-common behaviour in many neotropical frogs such as the tiger-striped tree frog. Studies have shown interspecific amplexus between individuals from two different species: specifically, Callimedusa tomopterna (tiger-striped tree frog) and Dendropsophus minutus (lesser treefrog).[5]
Threats
editClutch Predation
In the Central Amazonia, tree frogs of the genus Phyllomedusa lay their eggs in gelatinous masses on leaves and branches over water. 59% of tiger-striped tree frog clutches are often attacked by predators such as phorid flies (being the majorly responsible for clutch loss), and other unidentified predators. The reason for these clutch predations is mostly due to Anuran eggs being a high-protein energy source for many predators such as insects. They are especially notorious for larvae.[6]
Adult Predation
Adult tiger-striped tree frogs are also highly predated on. Studies have shown that the predation of adult Phyllomedusa tree frogs by the snake species, Leptodeira annulata (cat-eyed snake) reinforces the claim that the toxins that tiger-striped tree frogs are able to secrete for defence are insufficient to protect them from the cat-eyed snakes.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b c IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2023). "Tiger-striped Leaf Frog: Callimedusa tomopterna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T55866A61406672. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T55866A61406672.en. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2020). "Callimedusa tomopterna (Cope, 1868)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
- ^ Albertina P. Lima; William E. Magnusson; Marcelo Menin; Luciana K. Erdtmann; Domingos J. Rodrigues; Claudia Keller; Walter Hödl (November 27, 2007). "Calllimedusa tomopterna". AmphibiaWeb. Amphibiaweb. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
- ^ a b Thainá, Najar; Ferrante, Lucas. "The journey of life of the Tiger-striped Leaf Frog Callimedusa tomopterna (Cope, 1868): Notes of sexual behaviour, nesting and reproduction in the Brazilian Amazon". Herpetology Notes. 11: 531–538.
- ^ Marin, Gliselle; Nissen, Bradley; Janssen, Jordi. "CALLIMEDUSA TOMOPTERNA (Tiger-striped Leaf Frog) and DENDROPSOPHUS MINUTUS (Lesser Treefrog) INTERSPECIFIC AMPLEXUS". Herpetological Review. 48: 605–606.
- ^ Neckel-Oliveira, Selvino; Wachlevski, Milena (2004). "Predation on the Arboreal Eggs of Three Species of Phyllomedusa in Central Amazônia". Journal of Herpetology. 38 (2): 244–248. doi:10.1670/162-03A. ISSN 0022-1511. S2CID 86277566.
- ^ Roberto dos Santos-Silva, Carlos; Santana-Andrade, Igor-Caio; Ferrari, Stephen; Araújo, Maria Nélia. "Predation of six anuran species by the banded cat-eyed snake, Leptodeira annulate (Serpentes:Dipsadidae), in the Caatinga scrub of northeastern Bahia, Brazil". Herpetology Notes. 7: 123–126. S2CID 85631653.
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