Campanula spicata

Campanula spicata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Campanulaceae
Genus:	Campanula
Species:	C. spicata
Binomial name
	Campanula spicata; L.

Campanula spicata, common name the spiked bellflower, is a herbaceous biennial or perennial plant of the genus Campanula belonging to the family Campanulaceae.

Etymology

The genus Latin name (“campanula”), meaning small bell, refers to the bell-shape of the flower, while the specific epithet (“spicata”) refers to the spike-shaped inflorescence.

Description

Close-up on flowers of Campanula spicata

Campanula spicata has its overwintering buds situated just below the soil surface (hemicryptophyte) and a stalk growing directly from the ground (scapose). This plant reaches on average 15–80 centimetres (5.9–31.5 in) in height. The stem is erect, striate and hairy, the basal leaves are petiolated, narrowly lanceolate, with toothed and wavy margins, the cauline leaves are smaller, acuminate and semiamplexicaul. The numerous flowers are arranged in a more or less dense and long spikes. They are blue-purple, 15 to 25 millimeters long and bell-shaped to funnel-shaped. These flowers are sessile and grow in the axils of triangular bracts. The calyx lobes are hairy, lanceolate, and about one third as long as the flower. The corolla is about 16–21 millimetres (0.63–0.83 in) long. The flowering period extends from June to August.

Distribution

This plant is endemic in the south and central Alps, in the Apennines and in the Balkan Peninsula.

Habitat

This species grows mainly in mountain meadows on dry and stony soils, on steep slopes, cliffs and rocky steppes of dry valleys, at an altitude of 400–2,500 metres (1,300–8,200 ft) above sea level.

Gallery

Plant of Campanula spicata
Inflorescence of Campanula spicata
Flowers of Campanula spicata

References

Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia – Edagricole – 1982, Vol. II, pag. 691
A. Bernini, G. Marconi e F. Polani - Campanule d'Italia e dei territori limitrofi - Ediz. Verba & Scripta 2002
"Campanula spicata". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.