The Canadian Police Information Centre (CPIC; French: Centre d'information de la police canadienne, CIPC) is the central police database where Canada's law enforcement agencies can access information on a number of matters. It is Canada's only national law enforcement networking computer system ensuring officers all across the country can access the same information. There are approximately 3 million files generated each year and is the responsibility of the originating agency to ensure the data integrity of each file.[1]
CPIC was approved for use by the Treasury Board of Canada and became operational in 1972. It is maintained by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) with the central registry located at the RCMP Headquarters in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is one part of an umbrella program covering several services called the "National Police Services (NPS)". Other functions within NPS include the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre, Canadian Police College (CPC), Criminal Intelligence Service Canada (CISC), the National Forensic Laboratory Services (NFLS), the National DNA Data Bank (NDDB), the Canadian Criminal Real Time Identification Services (CCRTIS), the Canadian Firearms Program (CFP), Violent Crime Linkage Analysis System and National Sex Offender Registry, and the National Cybercrime Coordination Unit (NC3).[2]
CPIC is interfaced with the United States National Crime Information Center and National Law Enforcement Telecommunications System[3] but not all information are shared. For example, Wandering Persons Registry information is not shared across the border.[4]
In order for a government agency to access CPIC, they must agree to abide by the rules set out in the CPIC Reference Manual and be approved by the CPIC Advisory Committee, composed of 26 senior police officers from municipal and provincial police forces, the Ontario Police Commission and the RCMP.[5] Non-policing agencies must also enter a memorandum of understanding with the RCMP and may be audited from time to time for compliance.[3]
CPIC is broken down into four data banks: Investigative, Identification, Intelligence and Ancillary[6] which contain information on:
- Vehicles/marine
- Stolen or abandoned vehicles/boats
- Persons
- Wanted persons
- People who are accused of crime(s)
- People on probation or parolees
- Special Interest Police (SIP)
- Judicial orders
- Access to the Offender Management System of Correctional Service of Canada
- Missing persons
- Stolen property
- Dental characteristics
- Canadian Firearms Registry of the Canadian Firearms Program
- Wandering Persons Registry
- Alzheimer's disease patients who register with the Alzheimer Society of Canada in case they go missing
- CPIC criminal surveillance
- Criminal intelligence gathered across the country
- Criminal Record Synopsis
- Condensed information about a person's criminal record
Local, municipal and provincial police services in Canada, as well as federal law enforcement agencies such as the Canada Border Services Agency and Military Police maintain their own local records in addition to CPIC records. Local records are maintained of all contact with police for a variety of reasons, and may or may not contain information that would be entered into the CPIC system. All CPIC agencies are subject to audit on a 4-year cycle. All records added to the CPIC system must satisfy stringent entry criteria in that every record must be, valid, accurate, complete in nature and compliant with input rules. The province of British Columbia has mandated by law that all police forces share a platform, known as PRIME-BC. In Ontario local records are now kept in systems known either as NICHE or Versadex, depending on the Municipalities choice of implementation. In Quebec the system used is called CRPQ (Centre de Reseignement des Policiers du Québec). The RCMP runs a similar system called PROS (Police Reporting Occurrence System) in provinces where they are providing contract policing as well for federal policing.
WikiLeaks controversy
editIn 2011, the Toronto-based Psychiatric Patient Advocate Office announced it had received numerous complaints from people who were denied entry into the United States, because their names were on the American Department of Homeland Security watchlist and the names were provided by the Canadian Police Information Centre, which is available to American law enforcement authorities, according to WikiLeaks.[7]
See also
edit- Automatic Finger Identification System or AFIS
- Police National Computer, an equivalent system used by British law enforcement agencies
References
edit- ^ "Review of the Personal Information Handling Practices of the Canadian Firearms Program". Archived from the original on 2009-04-08. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
- ^ "National Police Services (NPS)". Royal Canadian Mounted Police. R.C.M.P. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
- ^ a b Privacy Impact Assessment - Canadian Police Information Centre
- ^ Safely Home Wandering Registry[permanent dead link]
- ^ "ORDER M-128". Archived from the original on 2009-11-14. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
- ^ "RCMP Datasheet" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-01-24. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
- ^ Bridge, Sarah (September 9, 2011). "Canadians denied U.S. entry over mental illness". CBC News. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
