Candoia bibroni—commonly known as Bibron's bevel-nosed boa, Bibron's keel-scaled boa, the Pacific tree boa[3] or the Fiji boa[4]—is a species of boa, a group of non-venomous, constricting snakes, endemic to the southern Pacific Ocean island chains of Melanesia and Polynesia. Two subspecies are recognized, including the nominate subspecies, described here. Candoia bibroni is one of the most isolated and far-removed species of boid snakes on earth, as the majority of boa species (such as Boa constrictor) are found in the Americas and the Caribbean, or, in the case of the terrestrial sand boas (subfamily: Erycinae), in Africa and Eurasia.[3]
| Candoia bibroni | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Boidae |
| Genus: | Candoia |
| Species: | C. bibroni
|
| Binomial name | |
| Candoia bibroni (A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1844)
| |
| Synonyms[2] | |
Etymology
editThe specific name, bibroni, is in honor of French herpetologist Gabriel Bibron.[5]
Description
editC. bibroni is the largest member of the genus Candoia; adults can grow to up to 5 ft /1.5 meters in total length (including the tail). The color pattern usually consists of a pale brown, tan, or reddish-brown ground color overlaid with stripes, blotches, or spots. However, some individuals have no pattern at all.[4]
Geographic range
editCandoia bibroni is found in the South Pacific, primarily across the islands of Melanesia and Polynesia, including the eastern Solomon Islands (Olu Malau, Ugi, Rennell, Makira, Santa Ana, Santa Cruz, Bellona, Vanikoro and Utupua),[6] the Banks Islands (Vanua Lava), Vanuatu (Efate, Erromango, Espiritu Santo),[7] the Loyalty Islands (Lifou, Ouvéa, Tiga),[8] Fiji—including Kadavu, Rotuma, Ovalau, Taveuni, the Mamanuca (Malolo, Mana), Yasawa and Lau Islands—,[9] Tuvalu,[10] Western Samoa (Savaiʻi and Upolu), and American Samoa (Taʻū).[11]
The type locality given is "l'île Viti" (local name of Fiji Islands archipelago). Jacquinot and Guichenot (1853) list the type locality as "de l'archipel de Viti, Polynésie".[2]
Habitat
editThe preferred natural habitat of C. bibroni is forest, at altitudes from sea level to 1,600 m (5,200 ft).[1]
Feeding
editCandoia bibroni is both an arboreal and a terrestrial hunter, preying primarily on birds, lizards (such as the many insular gecko and skink species) and small mammals, including rodents and bats.[4]
Reproduction
editC. bibroni is viviparous.[12]
Subspecies
edit| Subspecies[3] | Taxon author[3] | Common name | Geographic range |
|---|---|---|---|
| C. b. australis | (Montrouzier, 1860) | Solomon Islands tree boa | Solomon Islands/Tonga Island |
| C. b. bibroni | (A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1844) | Pacific tree boa | the South Pacific Islands |
References
edit- ^ a b Allison A, Hamilton A, Tallowin O (2012). "Candoia bibroni ". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T176188A1435600.en. Downloadedon 22 July 2021.
- ^ a b McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
- ^ a b c d "Candoia bibroni ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 14 July 2008.
- ^ a b c Mehrtens JM (1987). Living Snakes of the World in Color. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. ISBN 0-8069-6460-X.
- ^ Beolens B, Watkins M, Grayson M (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Candoia bibroni, p. 25).
- ^ "Observations • iNaturalist". 28 May 2016.
- ^ "Observations • iNaturalist". 28 May 2016.
- ^ "Observations • iNaturalist". 3 August 2020.
- ^ "Observations • iNaturalist". 11 May 2018.
- ^ "Observations • iNaturalist". 11 December 2019.
- ^ "Observations • iNaturalist". 1 August 2014.
- ^ Species Candoia bibroni at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
Further reading
edit
- Boulenger GA (1893). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Boidæ ... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (Enygrus bibronii, pp. 106–107).
- Dumeril AMC, Bibron G (1844). Erpétologie générale ou Histoire naturelle complète des Reptiles. Tome sixième. Paris: Roret. xii + 609 pp. (Enygrus bibroni, new species, pp. 483–484). (in French).
- Schweizer H (1970). "Farbwechsel bei einer Pazifik-Boa (Candoia bibroni australis Montrousier, 1860) [= Color change in a Pacific Boa (Candoia bibroni australis Montrouzier, 1860)]". Aqua Terra 7 (2): 19–22. (in German).