Caniapiscau can refer to the following places, all within Quebec, Canada:
- Caniapiscau Regional County Municipality
- Caniapiscau, Quebec, an unorganized territory in the RCM, which also includes the community of Caniapiscau
- Caniapiscau River, a river in the Ungava Bay watershed
- Caniapiscau Reservoir, a reservoir on the upper Caniapiscau River in the Côte-Nord administrative region
- Caniapiscau Aerodrome, located near Caniapiscau