Cantharellus californicus, also called the California golden chanterelle,[2] mud puppy, or oak chanterelle, is a fungus native to California, United States.[3] It is a member of the genus Cantharellus along with other popular edible chanterelles. It is generally similar in appearance to C. cibarius and C. formosus except for its large size at maturity.
| Cantharellus californicus | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Cantharellales |
| Family: | Cantharellaceae |
| Genus: | Cantharellus |
| Species: | C. californicus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Cantharellus californicus | |
Cantharellus californicus | |
|---|---|
 | Ridges on hymenium |
 | Cap is infundibuliform |
 | Hymenium is decurrent |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is yellow |
 | Ecology is mycorrhizal |
 | Edibility is choice |
Description
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The pileus (cap) of C. californicus is 5–30 centimetres (2–12 in) wide,[4] exceptionally 50 cm (20 in), and yellow-orange in color (although adhering leaf litter may cause a mottled color); it may become brownish with age. The hymenium is folded into decurrent ridges (false gills) and cross-veins, which deepen with age. The color of these ridges is usually similar to the cap but paler. The stipe (stem) is 2–10 cm (3⁄4–4 in) long and 1–4 cm (1⁄2–1+1⁄2 in) wide,[4] with coloration similar to the hymenium.[1] The spores are creamy yellow, elliptical, and smooth.[4]
individual specimens up to 2 kilograms (4.4 lb) are reported, making it the largest-known species of chanterelle.[1] Their unusual size is due in part to their capacity for indeterminate growth, making C. californicus specimens actively grow for far longer than most other mushrooms.[5]
Similar species
editSeveral other species of chanterelle may be found in western North America:
- C. cascadensis[4] – bright yellow fading to white in center of cap, associated with conifers
- C. cibarius var. roseocanus[4] – false gills tend to be as dark or darker than cap
- C. formosus[4] – smaller size, narrower stem, associated with conifers
- C. subalbidus – whitish overall color
Additionally, Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca, Chroogomphus tomentosus, and species in the genera Craterellus, Gomphus, Omphalotus, and Polyozellus may have a somewhat similar appearance to C. californicus. Omphalotus olivascens, the western jack-o'-lantern mushroom, is poisonous and has been mistaken for chanterelles.
Distribution and habitat
editCantharellus californicus forms a mycorrhizal association with oaks, particularly coast live oak in the woodlands of Coastal California. It has also been found in association with interior live oak, California black oak, canyon live oak, tanoak, and possibly Pacific madrone and manzanita.[1] C. californicus is a popular wild edible in the San Francisco Bay Area, and is most common between November and April.[1][6]
In culture
editIt became the official state mushroom of California in 2024.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Arora, D.; Dunham, S. M. (2008), "A New, Commercially Valuable Chanterelle Species, Cantharellus californicus sp. nov., Associated with Live Oak in California, USA" (PDF), Economic Botany, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 376–391, doi:10.1007/s12231-008-9042-7, S2CID 19220345, archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-12-22, retrieved 2010-09-12
- ^ "California AB261 | 2023-2024 | Regular Session". LegiScan. Retrieved 2023-12-11.
- ^ Kuo, M. (February 2009), Cantharellus californicus, MushroomExpert.com, retrieved 13 September 2010
- ^ a b c d e f Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 270–272. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.
- ^ Viess, Debbie, Cantharellus californicus: California's Giant, Oak-Loving Golden Chanterelle, Bay Area Mycological Society, retrieved 8 May 2011
- ^ Perry, B. A. (December 2008), "An Old Friend Gets a New Name", Mycena News, Mycological Society of San Francisco, retrieved 13 September 2010
- ^ "Meet the Golden Chanterelle, CA's new official state mushroom starting 2024". ABC7 San Francisco. 2023-12-23. Retrieved 2024-03-09.
External links
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Media related to Cantharellus californicus at Wikimedia Commons
