Capital punishment was completely abolished in Hungary on 24 October 1990 by the Constitutional Court (Decision 23/1990).[1] A month later on 1 December 1990, Protocol 6 to the ECHR came into force. Hungary later adopted the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR as well. The last condemned man to be executed, Ernő Vadász, was hanged for the crime of murder on 14 July 1988. In April 2015, following the murder of a woman in southern Hungary, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán suggested that Hungary must reinstate capital punishment. This statement caused a strong reaction from EU officials, and Orbán had to retract as a result. The European Union holds a strong opposition against the death penalty in its relation to the Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy.
Suggestion of reintroducing the death penalty
editIn that parliamentary debate on capital punishment Orbán stated that the EU attacked the implementation of real life prison sentences arguing against having habitual offenders being let back into society.[2] The Civil Liberties Committee held a debate on Thursday, 7 May on how to take action with the suggestion of reintroducing the notion of capital punishment.[3] The debate is discussed with Viktor Orbán on reintroducing the death penalty and it showed Orbán's views on abolishing capital punishment, he was upset with the verdict of allowing habitual offenders back into society.[3] In April 2015, following the murder of a woman in southern Hungary, Prime Minister Orbán suggested that Hungary must reinstate capital punishment. This statement caused a strong reaction by EU officials, and Orbán had to retract it as a result.[4]
Mi Hazánk Mozgalom is the largest party in Hungary calling for the reintroducing of the death penalty.[5][6]
Jobbik have previously promised to restore the death penalty if they come to power as late as 2015.[7][8][9]
Comparison to other countries
editHungary's number of executions was tied with the countries Poland and Namibia with 1,988 executions before it was abolished. As time had passed, the notion of capital punishment was slowly but surely being put down as a negative in public opinion in Hungary but in different situations. There was a significant decrease in homicides from 2016 to 2017, but residential crimes are still a significant issue and remain a concern.[10] Hungary is not the only country to be denounced by the European Union on the topic of capital punishment. The European Union had denounced the decision made by the parliament of Papua New Guinea to bring back the death penalty.[11] The European Union holds a strong opposition against the death penalty in its relation to the Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy. The universal abolition of the death penalty is one of the key priorities of its human rights policy outlined in the EU guidelines on the death penalty.[12] Many citizens and officials in Hungary do not agree with this notion and the reintroduction by Viktor Orbán had not only stirred up EU officials but other countries as well. The EU had stated themselves that they regretted paving the way for the death penalty in Papua New Guinea with the adoption of amendments to the Criminal Code Act.[11] The EU further stated that worldwide capital punishment has been demonstrated with the prohibition of capital punishment.[11] The EU often shows its stance on the death penalty like the fifth World Day against the death penalty, and stated that the abolition of the notion contributes to human integrity and morality.[13]
Fallout of abolishing the death penalty
editHowever, ever since capital punishment was abolished, police officer crimes have only been increasing over time and is now ranked 32nd in the top 86 countries that are having a problem with police officer crimes.[14] These crimes have been prominent even when the death penalty was not abolished; it seems there has been a decrease in the crime rate.[10] The EU state that abolishing capital punishment was a progressive development of human rights, and should be considered in the progress of the right of life given to humans.[13] There was a survey on the topic of bribery within the police community, however, only 150 responded when it was intended to canvass the views of 300 officers. The survey responses also stated that 57 percent believed the police leadership to be morally and professionally incapable of leading a cohesive unit against corruption in their police.[15]
Public opinion
edit| Year | For death penalty (%) | In certain / special cases (%) | Against death penalty (%) | Don't know / Didn't answer (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991[16] | 77 | — | 23 | — |
| 2001[17] | 64 | — | 29 | 7 |
| 2002[18] | 60 | — | 32 | 8 |
| 2007[19] | 63 | 7 | 28 | 2 |
| 2012[20] | 55 | 11 | 33 | 1 |
| 2015[21] | 58 | — | 37 | 5 |
| 2017[22] | 24 | 52 | 21 | 3 |
References
edit- ^ Horváth, Tibor (1992). "A halálbüntetés abolíciója Magyarországon" [The abolishment of the capital punishment in Hungary] (PDF). Acta Universitatis Szegediensis: Acta Juridica et Politica: 231.
- ^ "Hungary: PM proposes to debate EU on having capital punishment instead of real life prison sentence". European Union News, May 27, 2015 Wednesday. Accessed December 3, 2018.
- ^ a b "SITUATION IN HUNGARY: DEBATE ON TUESDAY AFTERNOON WITH PM VIKTOR ORBAN." States News Service, 19 May 2015. Academic OneFile. Accessed 2 December 2018.
- ^ Traynor, Ian (30 April 2015). "EU chief warns Hungary over return of death penalty comments". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- ^ "Mi Hazánk Calls for Public Debate on Possibility of Reinstating Death Penalty". 3 February 2020.
- ^ "New Hungarian radical party in favour of death penalty". 26 July 2018.
- ^ "Hungary wants EU death penalty debate". Bbc.com. 30 April 2015.
- ^ "Jobbik initiates parliamentary day of debate on capital punishment - Daily News Hungary". 2 May 2015.
- ^ Vona Gábor médiavideói X (28 April 2015). "Vona Gábor halálbüntetésről és cigánykérdésről (2014-01-18)". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2019-01-29.
- ^ a b "Hungary 2018 Crime & Safety Report". www.osac.gov. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
- ^ a b c "EU against death penalty". PNG Post-Courie (Australia), June 5, 2013, Wednesday. Accessed December 3, 2018.
- ^ devco-webmaster (2017-05-30). "Fight against death penalty". International Cooperation and Development - European Commission. Retrieved 2018-12-05.
- ^ a b "EUROPEAN UNION REITERATES ITS LONGSTANDING POSITION AGAINST DEATH PENALTY IN ALL CIRCUMSTANCES ON OCCASION OF WORLD DAY AGAINST DEATH PENALTY". US Fed News, October 10, 2007, Wednesday, Accessed December 3, 2018.
- ^ "Countries Compared by Crime > Police officers. International Statistics at NationMaster.com". www.Nationmaster.com. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
- ^ "Bribe menu shows Hungary has best police force money can buy". The Independent. 2000-04-02. Retrieved 2018-12-05.
- ^ "Orbán már 2002-ben a halálbüntetéssel jött". HVG. 28 April 2015.
- ^ "The Feeling of Safety among the Poles, Czechs, Hungarians, Lithuanians and Russians" (PDF). Polish Public Opinion: 2. July–August 2001.
- ^ "The Feeling of Safety and the attitude to death penalty in Central and Eastern Europe" (PDF). Polish Public Opinion: 6. July–August 2002.
- ^ "A közvélemény szigorúbban büntetne". Medián Közvélemény- és Piackutató Intézet. 23 May 2007.
- ^ Kovács, János (3 June 2015). "A Halálbüntetés bevezetéséről – életképes vagy halva született ötlet?". Iránytű Intézet.
- ^ "A halálbüntetés társadalmi támogatottsága 2015 júniusában". Iránytű Intézet. June 2015.
- ^ Munk, Veronika (30 October 2017). "Többen akarnak halálbüntetést, mint tíz éve". Index–Závecz Research.