Carlsdotter is a Swedish patronymic name. People known by this name include the following:
- Elizabeth Carlsdotter Gyllenhielm (1622-1682), Swedish royal
- Görwel Christina Carlsdotter Gyllenstierna (1646-1708), Swedish noblewoman
- Lisbeth Carlsdotter, a child witness in the 1675 Stockholm witch trials
- Sissa Carlsdotter, Swedish single mother of Godfrey Gummer Goodwin, Representative from Minnesota