The Central American Mint, Limited was a coin production facility located in San Salvador, El Salvador.[1] The mint existed from 1892 to 1896, however, coins bearing the "C.A.M." mint mark were produced by several foreign mints on behalf of the Treasury of El Salvador well into the beginning of the twentieth century.[2]
For the Salvadoran people, who in 1892 were suffering from an economic crisis in part brought on by the worldwide depreciation of silver,[1] the Central American Mint provided a source of economic independence and national pride.[citation needed] Unlike the prevailing practice of using coins from foreign countries, having their own mint and coinage was viewed as a positive step by President Carlos Basilio Ezeta y León, and would help Salvadorans keep their own economy under control.[1]
History
editIn May 1891 the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador authorized the granting of an exclusive concession to a private citizen, in association with a French institution, for establishing a mint that would produce coins bearing the Salvadoran insignia. The concession was awarded to Enrique Arbizú and his associate Sebastion Barris y Serra, who were doing business as the "General Coin Syndicate of Paris", chartered to set up a coin minting facility in the Salvadoran capital city of San Salvador.[1]
The mint was formally inaugurated on August 28, 1892;[1] Salvadoran President Carlos Basilio Ezeta y León shared his sentiments in his speech during the inauguration ceremony:
"I solemnly declare open the Salvadoran Mint. This very important undertaking, which may seem to increase the fears brought about by the economic crisis, will actually serve the purpose of averting it if our delegated citizens are able to come up with positive solutions to our problems. Having our own coinage is a long-standing need and we now are about to have it. Foreign coins will now be accepted as merchandise in our domestic markets, with their prices fixed by demand. I congratulate the enterprise and its distinguished manager for the expedience in setting up the facility, and I express my wish for the Salvadoran coins to fulfill our expectations."
In January 1896, having fulfilled its contract with the Treasury of El Salvador, the Central American Mint delivered its coin dies to the Treasury and ceased operations.[1]
Operations
editThe facility, located at 70 El Calvario Street in San Salvador, was managed by Henry Guarracine and consisted of two buildings with a built-in concrete and steel safe for the storage of precious metals. The facility had 9,700 available square feet for coin production equipment and determined to be both fire and earthquake proof.[1]
The equipment[1] used for coin production consisted of:
- 3 Robey & Co. steam engine power units
- 5 foundries; 3 for silver, 2 for gold
- 5 steam-driven laminators
- 2 manual and 6 steam-driven cutters
- 2 Uhlhorn toggle-lever coin presses
- 1 coin press from Société J. F. Cail & Cie
- Refining and plating electrolytic equipment
- Assay laboratory equipment
The overall rated capacity of the mint was 114,000 coins per 20-hour workday.[1]
The coins[3] produced by the Central American Mint included:
- Copper 1 Centavo
- Silver 5 Centavos
- Silver 10 Centavos
- Silver 20 Centavos
- Silver 50 Centavos (Flag)
- Silver 50 Centavos (Columbus)
- Silver 1 Peso (Flag)
- Silver 1 Colón (Columbus)
- Gold 2.5 Pesos
- Gold 5 Pesos
- Gold 10 Pesos
- Gold 20 Pesos
- Pattern (Prototype) Coins
- Presentation (Commemorative) Coins[1]
The C.A.M. mint mark
editFollowing the closure of the Central American Mint, coins bearing the "C.A.M." mint mark were produced by several foreign mints on behalf of the Treasury of El Salvador. For example, silver Colón coins (informally known as "Bambas"[1]) were minted in San Salvador (1892-1896), Brussels (1904–1914), Hamburg (1904-1908), San Francisco (1904-1911) and Philadelphia (1911-1914);[2] all of which bear the C.A.M. mint mark without distinction.
C.A.M. Silver Colón Mintage
editThe C.A.M. silver colón mintage was as follows:[2][3]
| San Salvador Mint | Royal Mint of Belgium | Hamburgische Münze | San Francisco Mint | Philadelphia Mint | Worldwide C.A.M. mintage | |
| 1892 | 250,500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 250,500 |
| 1893 | 354,500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 354,500 |
| 1894 | 2,249,800 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2,249,800 |
| 1895 | 2,161,700 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2,161,700 |
| 1896 | <300 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | <300 |
| 1904 | 0 | 450,000 | 150,000 | 400,000 | 0 | 1,000,000 |
| 1908 | 0 | 1,600,000 | 700,000 | 0 | 0 | 2,300,000 |
| 1909 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 693,170 | 0 | 693,170 |
| 1911 | 0 | 500,000 | 0 | 519,993 | 511,108 | 1,531,101 |
| 1914 | 0 | 700,000 | 0 | 0 | 2,100,000 | 2,800,000 |
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Jovel, Roberto (2012). Numismatic History of El Salvador in the Nineteenth Century. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. ISBN 978-3-659-29624-6. Pages 204-237
- ^ a b c Krause, Chester L.; Mishler, Clifford; Bruce II, Colin R (2002). Standard Catalog of World Coins - Spain, Portugal and the New World. Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87349-325-7. Page 259.
- ^ a b Jovel, Roberto (2020). Salvadoran Coins in Circulation 1889 to 2000, First Edition. ASOCIACIÓN NUMISMÁTICA SALVADOREÑA (ANUSAL). ISBN 978-99961-2-349-8 (eBook). Pages 2-90.
External links
edit- Richard Stuart Central American Coin Collection, containing examples of Central American Mint coins