Chaenotheca brunneola, the brown-head stubble lichen, is a species of pin lichen in the family Coniocybaceae.[2]
| Chaenotheca brunneola | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Coniocybomycetes |
| Order: | Coniocybales |
| Family: | Coniocybaceae |
| Genus: | Chaenotheca |
| Species: | C. brunneola
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| Binomial name | |
| Chaenotheca brunneola | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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List
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Taxonmomy
editIt was first scientifically described by Erik Acharius in 1816, as Calicium brunneolum.[3] Johannes Müller Argoviensis transferred it to the genus Chaenotheca in 1862.[4] A common name used for the lichen in North America is "brown-head stubble lichen".[5]
Description
editThe thallus of Chaenotheca brunneola is immersed in its substrate, whereas the extends to 1.5 mm, upon which rests a shiny black spherical mazaedium. It makes ascospores that are colourless and spherical, measuring 3.5–4.5 μm. The green algal photobiont partner for C. brunneola is from the genera Trebouxia or Dictyochloropsis.[6]
In a 2016 study, the authors show that Chaenotheca brunneola appears to comprise multiple distinct species that are morphologically similar but genetically different. Specimens growing on fruit bodies of the polypore fungus Trichaptum formed a separate evolutionary lineage from those growing on wood, despite looking very similar. The Trichaptum-dwelling specimens had somewhat shorter stalks and occasional K+ (red) pigmentation compared to true C. brunneola. This suggests there are cryptic species within what has been considered C. brunneola, with substrate specificity (wood vs. fungal fruit bodies) corresponding to distinct genetic lineages. The authors consider this a case of convergent evolution leading to morphologically similar but genetically distinct species adapted to different substrates.[7]
Habitat
editThe lichen typically grows on wood, particularly on snags (standing dead trees) of pine (Pinus sylvestris), spruce (Picea abies), and birch. It has also been reported to occasionally grow on fruit bodies of polypore fungi, particularly Trichaptum abietinum and T. fuscoviolaceum.[7]
References
edit- ^ "GSD Species Synonymy. Current Name: Chaenotheca brunneola (Ach.) Müll. Arg., Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. nat. Genève 16(2): 360 (1862)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
- ^ "Chaenotheca brunneola (Ach.) Müll. Arg". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
- ^ Acharius, E. (1816). "Afhandling om de cryptogamiske vexter, som komma under namn af Calicioidea" [Treatise on the cryptogamic plants that are known under the name Calicioidea]. Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens handlingar (in Latin). 4: 260–291.
- ^ Müller, J. (1862). "Principes de classification des lichens et énumeration des lichens de Genève". Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève (in French). 16 (2): 343–433.
- ^ Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001). Lichens of North America. Yale University Press. p. 222. ISBN 978-0300082494.
- ^ Dort, Klaas van; Horvers, Bart (2021). Coniocarps. Rain Shadow Specialists [Coniocarpen. Regenschaduw Specialisten]. Tilburg: KNNV-Afdeling Tilburg. pp. 72, Appendix 4. ISBN 978-90-826157-4-6.
- ^ a b Suija, Ave; Suu, Annika; Lõhmus, Piret (2016). "Substrate specificity corresponds to distinct phylogenetic lineages: the case of Chaenotheca brunneola". Herzogia. 29 (2): 355–363. doi:10.13158/heia.29.2.2016.355.