The Wounaan language, also known as Noanamá and Woun Meu, is a Chocoan language, with around 10,000 speakers on the border between Panama and Colombia.
| Wounaan | |
|---|---|
| Noanamá | |
| Woun Meu | |
| Native to | Colombia, Panama |
| Ethnicity | Embera-Wounaan |
Native speakers | 10,800 (2007)[1] |
Chocoan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | noa |
| Glottolog | woun1238 |
| ELP | Waunana |
 | |
Phonology
editThe following tables show the vowel and consonant sounds of Wounaan, transcribed using the International Phonetic Alphabet.
Vowels
edit| Front | Central | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | ||||
| Close | oral | i | ɯ | u | |
| nasal | ĩ | ɯ̃ | ũ | ||
| Close-mid | oral | e | ɤ | o | |
| nasal | ẽ | ɤ̃ | õ | ||
| Open | oral | a | |||
| nasal | ã | ||||
Consonants
edit| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
| voiced | b | d | g | |||
| Affricate | (tʃ) | |||||
| Fricative | s | ɕ | h | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | |||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Flap | ɾ | |||||
Notes
edit- ^ Wounaan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Mejía 2000.
- ^ Murillo Miranda & Marín Esquivel 2022, pp. 17–39.
References
edit- Mejía, Gustavo (2000). "Presentación y descripción fonológica y morfosintáctica del waunana". In González de Pérez, María Stella; Rodríguez de Montes, María Luisa (eds.). Lenguas indígenas de Colombia: una visión descriptiva. Santafé de Bogotá: Instituto Caro y Cuervo. pp. 85–96.
- Murillo Miranda, José Manuel; Marín Esquivel, Rebeca (2022). "Notas sobre la fonología del waunana de Panamá". Revista Lengua y Literatura (in Spanish). 8 (1): 17–39.
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