Wikipedia

Charles Allen Lechmere

Charles Allen Lechmere (5 October 1849 – 23 December 1920), also known as Charles Allen Cross, was an English carman who became involved in the unsolved Whitechapel murders after he reportedly found the body of Mary Ann Nichols, the first of Jack the Ripper's five canonical victims.

Charles Allen Lechmere
Portrait of Lechmere
Lechmere in 1912
Born(1849-10-05)5 October 1849
Soho, London, England[1]
Died23 December 1920(1920-12-23) (aged 71)[2]
Bow, London, England
Other namesCharles Allen Cross
Known forDiscovering the first canonical Jack the Ripper victim
Jack the Ripper suspect
Spouse
Elizabeth Bostock
​
(m. 1870)​
Children11[3]

A native of East London, Lechmere has long been regarded as merely a witness at the crime scene, but since the 2000s, true crime writers have named Lechmere a potential Jack the Ripper suspect, largely due to him providing authorities with an alias surname and circumstantial inconsistencies in his testimony.

Biography

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Charles Allen Lechmere was born on 5 October 1849,[4][5] in Soho.[1][6][7][8] He was the son of John Allen Lechmere and Maria Louisa Roulson.[9][10] His father was a boot-maker[11] who deserted the family, and moved to Northamptonshire when Charles was very young. He began a family there with another woman.[12]

Charles Lechmere's mother married policeman Thomas Cross in 1858,[13] and the boy Charles was recorded as 'Cross' (the only occasion known) in the 1861 United Kingdom census.[14]

Thomas Cross died in 1869, when his stepson was twenty.[15] Charles Lechmere married Elizabeth Bostock on 3 July 1870, at Christ Church, in the parish of St George in the East.[11] His mother married Joseph Forsdike on 29 July 1872, at Bethnal Green, and Charles Lechmere signed the register as a witness.[16]

At the time of the Whitechapel murders, Lechmere had been reporterly working for the Pickfords company for more than 20 years.

Involvement in the Whitechapel murders

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In Lechmere's testimony to the Nichols inquest, he said that he left for work at around 3:30 a.m. on 31 August 1888. While walking Buck's Row, he discovered the body of Mary Ann "Polly" Nichols lying next to a gateway.[17] Lechmere found Nichols at about 3:40 a.m.[18][19][20][21][22][23] According to his first press interview, Robert Paul, who was walking some distance behind, first noticed him standing "where the woman was";[24] in reports of his inquest testimony Paul said he saw him "in the middle of the road."[25] When approached by Lechmere, Paul at first avoided him, thinking he was about to be attacked.[24] After touching Paul on the shoulder, Lechmere brought him over to look at the woman.[26] Because they were wary of being late for work, Lechmere and Paul left Buck's Row. They decided to notify the first policeman they came across of what they had seen.[23] At about 3:45 a.m., at the corner of Hanbury Street and Baker's Row, both saw PC Mizen and told him what they had found.[17][18] According to the testimony of Robert Paul, he saw Mizen no more than four minutes after Paul first saw the body of Nichols.[27] No blood was described by either man, but at about 3:45 a.m., when a constable (PC Neil) found Nichols,[28] blood was coming from the wound in her throat (according to the evidence at the inquest).[29] Some theorists suggest that the cut to her throat was very fresh when Lechmere and Paul were present.[a] Neither man reported seeing or hearing anyone else at Buck's Row.[36][37][38]

Jack the Ripper suspect

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The suggestion that Lechmere might actually be the Whitechapel Murderer was first raised by Derek Osborne in 2000 in an issue of the magazine Ripperana.[39] The following year saw the possibility further explored in an article by John Carey,[40] while Osborne went on to examine a set of remarkable coincidences which suggested that the man who gave his name as 'Cross' at the inquest was in fact a man legally known as Lechmere.[41] Lechmere's possible guilt was further discussed by John Carey in 2002;[42] by Osborne in 2007,[43] by Michael Connor in four issues of The Ripperologist between 2006 and 2008.[44][45][46][47] and by Bob Mills in The Ripperologist 2021.[48]

Mainstream awareness of Lechmere grew in 2014 when journalist Christer Holmgren and criminologist Gareth Norris explored the case against him in the 2014 Channel Five documentary Jack the Ripper: The Missing Evidence.[49][50] In 2021, Holmgren produced a book[51] in which Lechmere is linked not only to the Whitechapel Murders, but also to the longer series of killings known as the Thames Torso Murders.

The theory suggests that Lechmere may have murdered Nichols and begun mutilating her body when he suddenly heard the sound of Paul's footsteps; he then rapidly pulled down her clothing to cover up her wounds and portrayed himself as the discoverer of the body. However, both Lechmere and Paul testified that they were together and tried to pull down the clothing. As Paul and Lechmere were both late for work they continued to walk intending to notify the next PC they found. PC Mizen was reported as saying that Lechmere told him, "You are wanted in Buck's row by a policeman; a woman is lying there."[17][b] PC Neil was at the scene when PC Mizen arrived but Lechmere had no way of knowing that. Some newspapers reported that instead Lechmere had said to Mizen, "You're wanted down there (pointing to Buck's Row)."[53][54][55][56] A 2014 TV documentary claimed that Lechmere did not appear at the inquest until after Paul had been quoted in the press to the effect that another man had been present. However, Lechmere appeared at the second day of the inquest whereas Paul didn't appear until two weeks later.[citation needed] At the inquest, Lechmere gave his name as Charles Allen Cross, using the surname of his police constable stepfather; later investigators found that no-one named Cross was listed in the census records for the address he supplied, meaning that his true identity was a mystery for well over a century. He did give his address and place of employment to the inquest.[56]

The locations of Lechmere's home, family and place of work put him in the vicinity of several 'Ripper' murders and other, extra-canonical killings besides.[citation needed] Holmgren argues that geographic profiling, developed decades after the Ripper murders, can help narrow down likely suspects by analyzing their established movements and habitual locations in comparison to crime scenes. Criminals tend to strike in areas that are not too close to home, yet with which they are somewhat familiar and comfortable.[57] Given this data, Holmgren argues Lechmere is the most plausible suspect for the Ripper murders. Lechmere's logical shortest routes to work—one passing down Hanbury Street, the other down Old Montague Street—would have Lechmere pass nearby streets around the same times as Martha Tabram, Polly Nichols, and arguably[58] Annie Chapman were murdered.[citation needed] The murders of Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes on the same night (the so-called "Double Event") took place further south—and in the small hours of a Sunday, likely the only day Lechmere would not have been travelling from home to work. Stride was killed in proximity to Lechmere's mother's house and in the area he grew up in; the locality in which Eddowes was murdered would have been well known to him, as it was on the logical route to Broad Street from at least one of his earlier addresses.[citation needed] However, Holmgren fails to state that the geographical profiling applied to the Jack the Ripper case by Kim Rossmo puts the likely abode of the killer as in the area of Thrawl Street and Flower and Dean Street [citation needed], which is nowhere near Lechmere's home in Doveton Street.

Mary Jane Kelly was murdered near the northernmost route to his work, and the time frame in which she is estimated to have been killed is reconcilable with his presumed journey, although the day she was killed was a holiday and he may have had the day off work.[59][60][61]

Later life

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Charles Lechmere is recorded in the 1901 Census as a railway agent carman.[7] He started his own business as a grocer in 1902. Lechmere died in December 1920 at the age of seventy-one of a cerebral haemorrhage, hardening of the arteries, and chronic bronchitis.[62]

Notes

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  1. ^ P C Neil signalled with his lamp to alert PC Thain who he saw nearby. Thain was told by Neil to go and fetch Dr Llewelleyn, at 152, Whitechapel Road, which was just 300 yards from Buck's Row.[30] At about 3:55 a.m., Thain arrived at the surgery and then went with Llewelleyn immediately to Buck's Row.[31][32][33] From an initial examination of the body then made at the scene, Llewelleyn estimated that Nichols had been dead for about thirty minutes.[34][35]
  2. ^ At the inquest, Lechmere denied that he had said this to Mizen: "A Juryman: Did you tell Constable Mizen that another policeman wanted him in Buck's-row? The Witness: No; because I did not see a policeman in Buck's-row."[52]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Charles A Lechmere, St George In The East, London, Middlesex, England in England and Wales Census, 1871, database". January 20, 2022. Retrieved November 13, 2023 – via FamilySearch.
  2. ^ Jack the Ripper Suspects: The Definitive Guide and Encyclopedia ISBN 978-1-986-32469-4 p. 32
  3. ^ Williams, Paul (2018). Jack the Ripper Suspects: The Definitive Guide and Encyclopaedia. Toronto: RJ Parker Publishing. p. 32. ISBN 9781986324694. Retrieved November 14, 2023 – via Google Books.
  4. ^ "Charles Allan Lechmere, in England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975, database". July 27, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2023 – via FamilySearch.
  5. ^ "Charles Allan Lechmere, in England, Middlesex Parish Registers, 1539-1988, database". October 30, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2023 – via FamilySearch.
  6. ^ "Charles Allan Lechmere, St George In The East, London, Middlesex, England in England and Wales Census, 1881, database". November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2023 – via FamilySearch.
  7. ^ a b "Chas Leshmore, Mile End Old Town, London, Middlesex, England in England and Wales Census, 1901, database". May 20, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2023 – via FamilySearch.
  8. ^ "Charles Allan Lechmere, Mile End Old Town, London, England in England and Wales Census, 1911, database". May 8, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2023 – via FamilySearch.
  9. ^ "Charles Allan Lechmere, in London, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1923,". Retrieved November 13, 2023 – via Ancestry.com.(Subscription required.)
  10. ^ Name: Lechmere, Charles Allen. Mother's Maiden Surname: Roulson GRO Reference: 1849 D Quarter in STRAND Volume 01 Page 385. Accessed from GRO Online Index, via gro.gov.uk.
  11. ^ a b "Charles Allan Lechmere, in London, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1938,". Retrieved November 13, 2023 – via Ancestry.com.(Subscription required.)
  12. ^ Cobb, Richard Charles (2019). Who Was Jack the Ripper? All the Suspects Revealed. Yorkshire: Pen and Sword. p. 175. ISBN 9781526748737 – via Google Books. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  13. ^ "Maria Lechmere - Thomas Cross, 1858 Whitechapel, in England & Wales, Civil Registration Marriage Index, 1837-1915,". Retrieved November 13, 2023 – via Ancestry.com.(Subscription required.)
  14. ^ "Charles Cross in household of Thomas Cross, St George In The East, London, Middlesex, England in England and Wales Census, 1861, database". March 3, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2023 – via FamilySearch.
  15. ^ "Thomas Cross, in London, England, City of London and Tower Hamlets Cemetery Registers, 1841-1966,". Retrieved November 13, 2023 – via Ancestry.com.(Subscription required.)
  16. ^ "Maria Louisa Cross, in London, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1938,". Retrieved November 13, 2023 – via Ancestry.com.(Subscription required.)
  17. ^ a b c "Casebook: Jack the Ripper - Daily News - 4 September 1888". casebook.org. Retrieved November 14, 2023.
  18. ^ a b Mary Ann Nichols (31 Aug 1888): Police report: Inspector Abberline, 19 September 1888 - MEPO 3/140 ff242-243
  19. ^ Eddleston, John J (2010). Jack The Ripper - An Encyclopaedia. London: Metro Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 9781843580461. Retrieved November 20, 2023 – via Google Books.
  20. ^ Cobb, Richard Charles (2022). On The Trail of Jack The Ripper. Yorkshire: Pen and Sword History. p. 14. ISBN 9781526794819. Retrieved November 20, 2023 – via Google Books.
  21. ^ Begg, P., & Bennett, J. (2013). Jack the Ripper: The Forgotten Victims. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 57.
  22. ^ Cook, A. (2012). Jack the Ripper: Case Closed. Stroud: Amberley Publishing. p. 16.
  23. ^ a b Sugden, P. (2002). The Complete History of Jack the Ripper. London: Robinson Publishing. p. 36.
  24. ^ a b "Another Awful Murder In Whitechapel. A Woman Found Brutally Hacked To Death In The Street: Remarkable Statement". Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper. September 2, 1888. p. 7 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  25. ^ "Casebook: Jack the Ripper - Inquest: Mary Ann "Polly" Nichols - Day 3, Monday, September 17, 1888". casebook.org. Retrieved November 14, 2023.
  26. ^ "Mary Nichols: Murdered 31 August 1888". jack-the-ripper.org. April 2, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2023.
  27. ^ "Casebook: Jack the Ripper - Daily Telegraph - 18 September 1888". casebook.org. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  28. ^ Sugden, P. (2002). The Complete History of Jack the Ripper. London: Robinson Publishing. p. 37.
  29. ^ "Casebook: Jack the Ripper - Inquest: Mary Ann "Polly" Nichols - Day 1, Saturday, September 1, 1888". casebook.org. Retrieved November 14, 2023.
  30. ^ "Casebook: Jack the Ripper - A Timeline of Events in the Life and Death of Mary Ann Nichols Courtesy of Casebook Productions". casebook.org. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  31. ^ "The Terrible Murder In Whitechapel". Pall Mall Gazette. September 1, 1888. p. 9 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  32. ^ "Brutal Murder In Whitechapel". The Lancaster Gazette. September 5, 1888. p. 4 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  33. ^ Jones, Richard "The Murder of Mary Nichols - Press Coverage". Retrieved November 17, 2023 – via Jack the ripper 1888.org.
  34. ^ "Casebook: Jack the Ripper - Daily News - 3 September 1888". casebook.org. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  35. ^ Sugden, P. (2002). The Complete History of Jack the Ripper. London: Robinson Publishing. p. 38.
  36. ^ "The Whitechapel Tragedy". East London Observer. September 8, 1888. p. 6 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  37. ^ "The Buck's Row Tragedy". Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper. September 9, 1888. p. 3 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  38. ^ "The Whitechapel Murders". Reynolds's Newspaper. September 23, 1888. p. 5 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  39. ^ Derek F. Osborne: 'The Man Who Was Jack the Ripper', Ripperana, No.33, Jul. 2000
  40. ^ John Carey: 'Watchman, Old Man, I Believe Somebody Is Murdered Down The Street', Ripperana, No.36, Apr. 2001
  41. ^ Derek F. Osborne: 'To the Ripper a Son', Ripperana, No. 37, Jul. 2001, p. 12-17
  42. ^ John Carey: 'Chasing Shadows - Charles Cross - The Carman', Ripperana, No. 40, April 2002
  43. ^ Derek F. Osborne: 'The Man Who Hated George Lusk' Ripperana, No. 62, Oct. 2007
  44. ^ Michael Connor: 'Did The Ripper Work For Pickfords?', The Ripperologist, Issue 72, Oct. 2006
  45. ^ Michael Connor: 'Charles Cross Was Jack The Ripper', The Ripperologist, Issue 78, Apr. 2007
  46. ^ Michael Connor: 'A.K.A. Charles Cross', The Ripperologist, Issue 87, Jan. 2008
  47. ^ Michael Connor: 'Lechmere: The Man In Bucks Row', The Ripperologist, Issue 94, Aug. 2008
  48. ^ Bob Mills : 'All Roads lead to Lechmere’, The Ripperologist, Issue 170 Dec 2021.
  49. ^ "The Ripper of our nightmares: 5 theories about Jack the Ripper's identity". HistoryExtra. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  50. ^ "Was Jack the Ripper a cart driver from Bethnal Green?". The Daily Telegraph. August 31, 2012. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  51. ^ Holmgren, Christer (February 2021). Christer Holmgren: "Cutting Point: Solving the Jack the Ripper and the Thames Torso Murders." Timaios Press 2021. ISBN 9187611368, 9789187611360. Timaios Press. ISBN 9789187611360.
  52. ^ "Casebook: Jack the Ripper - East London Observer - 8 September 1888". casebook.org. Retrieved November 16, 2023.
  53. ^ "The Whitechapel Murder". London Evening Standard. September 3, 1888. p. 4 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  54. ^ "The Whitechapel Mystery". Western Daily Press. September 4, 1888. p. 8 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  55. ^ "The Whitechapel Murder". Morning Post. September 4, 1888. p. 2 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  56. ^ a b Jones, Richard "Charles Cross (Charles Lechmere) - Jack the Ripper Suspect". Retrieved November 18, 2023 – via Jack the ripper 1888.org.
  57. ^ Holmgren, Christer (February 2021). Christer Holmgren: "Cutting Point: Solving the Jack the Ripper and the Thames Torso Murders." Timaios Press 2021. ISBN 9187611368, 9789187611360. Timaios Press. ISBN 9789187611360.
  58. ^ Wolf Vanderlinden: '"Considerable Doubt" and the Death of Annie Chapman', Ripper Notes, Issue 22, April 2005
  59. ^ "Jack The Ripper: The Missing Evidence". Five.
  60. ^ "Aberystwyth University – November". aber.ac.uk.
  61. ^ McCann, Jaymi (November 16, 2014). "EXCLUSIVE: Police overlooked Ripper 'hiding in plain sight'".
  62. ^ Connor, Michael (April 20, 2010). "Jack the Ripper: the prime suspect". quadrant.org.au. Quadrant Online. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
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