Charles Russell Burnham (1904–1995) was an American plant geneticist who studied maize cytology and genetics. In 1968 he was elected a fellow of the American Society of Agronomy.[1] After his retirement he played a critical role in developing a blight resistant strain of the American chestnut.[2]
Charles Russell Burnham | |
|---|---|
| Born | January 13, 1904 |
| Died | April 19, 1995 (aged 91) |
| Citizenship | United States |
| Alma mater | University of Wisconsin |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Genetics, Plant Biology |
| Institutions | University of West Virginia, University of Minnesota |
| Doctoral advisor | RA Brink |
| Notable students | Ronald L. Phillips |
Early life and education
editBurnham was born in Hebron, Wisconsin in 1904 and grew up in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin. He attended college first at the University of Minnesota for two years, then transferring to the University of Wisconsin where he earned his BA in 1924, and MS in 1925. He became a graduate assistant of RA Brink studying maize genetics and earned a PhD in genetics with a minor in Plant Pathology in 1929. At this point, he received a National Research Fellowship to travel to Cornell University where he studied under Rollins A. Emerson and alongside Marcus Rhoades and future Nobel Prize winners Barbara McClintock and George Beadle. After Cornell, Burnham went on to work at Harvard with Edward Murray East and then to the California Institute of Technology. He worked with Lewis Stadler at the University of Missouri in 1932–33. In 1934 he was hired as an assistant professor of genetics at the University of West Virginia where he worked on breeding corn and watermelons in addition to continuing his work on maize cytogenetics that he started during his time with Emerson. In 1937 Burham was hired as an associate professor at the University of Minnesota, where he worked until his retirement in 1972.[3]
Research
editBurnham's research at the University of Minnesota touched on a number of species including maize, barley and flax. He published papers on pollen tube growth, disease resistance, genetic sterility, chromosomal rearrangements, polyploidy, and statistical genetic methods. [3] In 1966 he published "Discussions in Cytogenetics" which was on its 6th printing by 1980.[4]
After retirement
editAfter Burnham's retirement he continued to maintain a maize genetics nursery and developed an interest in chestnut genetics, co-founding The American Chestnut Foundation in 1983.[5] Burnham died in 1995.[6]
A letter Burnham wrote in 1983 shows his ongoing conversation with Barbara McClintock.[7]
References
edit- ^ "Past Award Recipients Search | American Society of Agronomy".
- ^ Cummer, Corby (June 2003). "A New Chestnut". The Atlantic.
- ^ a b Phillips, R. L., Garber, E. D., Miller Jr, O. L., & Kramer, H. H. (1999). Charles R. Burnham: Long-Time Contributor to Maize Breeding. In Maize Genetics And Breeding In The 20th Century (pp. 115–117).
- ^ "Discussions in Cytogenetics by Charles R. Burnham: Table of Contents".
- ^ Horton, Tom. "Revival of the American Chestnut". American Forests. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
- ^ Spilman, Karen. "Charles R. Burnham Papers, 1922-1993". University of Minnesota Archives. University of Minnesota. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
- ^ "Letter from Charles Burnham". The Barbara McClintock Papers. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
External links
edit- Obituary for Charles Russel Burnham, Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, June 1995, Volume 13, Issue 2, pp. 199–199
- An obituary also appeared in 1995 in Agronomy News by the American Society of Agronomy (p. 28)
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