Charles Frances Ritchel (December 22, 1844 – January 21, 1911) was an American inventor of a successful dirigible design, the fun house mirror, a mechanical toy bank, and the holder of more than 150 other patented inventions.[1]
Charles Frances Ritchel | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | December 22, 1844 |
| Died | January 21, 1911 (aged 66) |
| Spouse | Harriet Norman |
Biography
editCharles Frances Ritchel was born on December 22, 1844, in Portland, Maine. He died in Bridgeport, Connecticut, on January 21, 1911.[1]
Dirigible
edit
Ritchel designed and built a small, one-man dirigible powered by a hand crank. He patented his "Improved Flying Machine" on 12 March 1878 (Patent No. 201200).[2] The aircraft consisted of a brass frame put together at Folansbee Machine Shop in Bridgeport, Connecticut. The frame was hung beneath a cylindrical, rubber gas bag manufactured by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company in Naugatuck. A small propeller drove the craft and could be moved left and right for turning. The craft could reach a height of 200 feet (61 m).[3]
At the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Ritchel flew the craft within one of the large exhibition halls. Two years later, on June 12, 1878, the craft set off from a baseball field behind the Colt Armory in Hartford, Connecticut. Before a large group of spectators, Mark W. Quindlen flew the machine over the armory building and the Connecticut River before returning to the starting point and landing.[3]
"This was the first flight of a man-carrying dirigible in America," according to Harvey Lippincott, founder of the Connecticut Aeronautical Historical Association.[3]
On the following day, Quindlen again ascended, but the wind proved to be too strong and he was blown off course, landing in nearby Newington, Connecticut. More flights took place in Boston and elsewhere, and eventually five of the aircraft were constructed and sold. Ritchel imagined a transcontinental airline with larger dirigibles cranked by 11 men.[3]
Other inventions
editToday the most well-known of Ritchel's inventions is the funhouse mirror, originally dubbed by the inventor as "Ritchel's Laugh-O-Graphs." The curved and specially shaped mirrors reflect amusing, distorted images of anyone standing in front of them.
Some credit Ritchel with inventing rollerskates. He did invent a toy bank in the shape of a monkey (patented November 7, 1882, Design Patent No. 13,400).[4]
A coin is put on a tray held in the monkey's upturned palms. A lever in the back is pressed. The arms rise, tilting the coin toward a slot in the monkey's belly. Ives Manufacturing in Bridgeport may have produced the bank.[4]
Life
editIn a patent application for his dirigible, Ritchel said he was a resident of Corry, Pennsylvania.
Despite his many inventions, Ritchel died destitute in his hometown of Bridgeport, Connecticut.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b "C. F. Ritchel Dead. His Power-Driven Flying Machine Famous. Bridgeport Man Patented 150 Different Articles". Boston Daily Globe. January 23, 1911. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved 2012-09-18.
Charles F. Ritchel, the first man to build and operate a flying machine propelled by mechanical power, died last night at the Bridgeport hospital of pneumonia. ...
- ^ Patent No 201200, 12 March 1878 'Improvement in Flying-Machines' by Charles F. Ritchel.
- ^ a b c d "New England Air Museum". Archived from the original on 2006-07-21. Retrieved 2006-08-15.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) Web page at the New England Air Museum Web site, accessed August 14, 2006, article by Harvey Lippincott. An editor's note at the top of the page states: "This paper was presented by Harvey Lippincott in 1977 at the Meeting of the Association for the Study of Connecticut History. Mr. Lippincott was the founder of the Connecticut Aeronautical Historical Association, which operates the New England Air Museum, and former UTC corporate archivist. He died in 1996." - ^ a b c "C.F. Richtel, Inventor" Archived 2006-07-26 at the Wayback Machine Web page at the Bridgeport Central High School Web site, accessed August 14, 2006