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Charles R. McCormick Lumber Company

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Charles R. McCormick Lumber Company was founded in 1908 by Charles R. McCormick in San Francisco, California. McCormick purchased a mill site in St. Helens, and formed the Helens Mill Company. To feed the mill McCormick's St. Helens Timber Company also purchased 4,000 acres of timber. In 1912 McCormick formed the St. Helens Lumber Company as parent company over Helens Mill Company and the St. Helens Timber Company. In 1912 McCormick expanded the company with a second sawmill, a creosoting plant and shipyard, the St. Helens shipyard. McCormick also expanded into San Diego, California with a railroad ties factory, to supply Santa Fe Railway and the mines of Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico. At the San Diego site, he built a dock to unload his timbers. With the Great Depression slow down, McCormick closed dock at San Diego in April 1931.

Charles R. McCormick Lumber Company
St. Helens Lumber Company
IndustryLumber, Shipbuilding, Shipping, Transportation
Founded1908 (1908) in San Francisco, United States
Defunct1938
FateBankruptcy, sold to Pope & Talbot
Key people
Charles R. McCormick
ParentPope & Talbot, Inc. starting in 1938.
Subsidiaries
  • St. Helens shipyard
  • McCormick Steamship Company
  • Helens Mill Company
  • Puget Mill Company mill
McCormick Steamship Company brochure from 1919

In 1925 McCormick expanded again, buying the Puget Mill Company from Pope & Talbot, Inc. He had trouble raising the money to buy the company for cash, but the motivated sellers decided to finance the sale, taking mortgages on everything McCormick owned as security. The deal included almost nothing as a down payment, but stipulated that the money Mr. McCormick HAD been able to raise toward the purchase must be spent on upgrading the existing facilities. The sale closed on October 16, 1925. Mr. McCormick had no trouble spending money on the upgrades. In fact, it is said that he just told his people to "buy the best" and left them to their devices.[1] Very quickly the budget was overspent, often on equipment that wasn't necessarily needed—including top-tier logging equipment [2] and a fleet of new locomotives.[3] Puget Mill had previously purchased on option on the southern branch of the Port Townsend & Southern Railroad, including the line between Port Discovery and Quilcene, Washington. McCormick closed the sale, and used the line to feed timber from company lands in the Quilcene River and Snow Creek valleys to the mills at Port Gamble and Port Ludlow. (Logs were hauled a log dumps at Linger Longer Bay near Quilcene, dumped into the Hood Canal, and towed to the sawmills. This operation was managed out of Camp Talbot, located beside Crocker Lake, south of Port Discovery.[4] He also built new sawmills, in 1926 one at Port Gamble, Washington and one at Port Ludlow. The Port Ludlow logging operations were based at Camp Walker, at the head of Ludlow Bay. McCormick purchased West Fork Logging Company, with timberlands and a logging railroad based at Camp Union, near Seabeck, Washington. McCormick also acquired a logging railroad and timberland near Castle Rock, Washington, which operated out of Camp Cowlitz.[5]

Because of his overspending on upgrades and other properties (as well as fluctuations in the lumber market) McCormick struggled to keep the operations afloat, particularly struggling to make his payments to the Pope and Talbot principals. The Pope & Talbot team intervened, taking partial control of the McCormick company. McCormick resorted to harvesting the timber on his land at unsustainable rates, trying to try to increase the company's cashflow enough to cover the annual payments to the Pope and Talbot principals. He soon ran low on timber, and when he wasn't able to do any more, in 1938 the Pope and Talbot families foreclosed on the mortgages, forcing McCormick into bankruptcy. The P&T families bought the rest of McCormick's assets from the bankruptcy sale, reorganized the company as Pope & Talbot, and quickly resumed operations.[2]

Over expanded and hit by the Depression, McCormick had to give the Puget Mill Company mill back, also his other companies, and properties to Pope & Talbot.[6][7]

St. Helens shipyard

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Between 1912 and 1927 the St. Helens shipyard, the St. Helens Shipbuilding Company in St. Helens, Oregon on Sauvie Island just south of Warrior Point, launched 42 wooden ships. The St. Helens shipyard also did repair work at the shipyard. St. Helens Shipbuilding Company built ships for the Emergency Fleet Corporation to support World War I[8][9][10]

Partial list of ships built:

Type Tons Year Built
Multnomah Cargo Ship 969 1912
City of Portland Schooner 1,791 1916
June Cargo Ship 484 1916
Ruby Cargo Ship 557 1916
City of St. Helens Cargo Ship 2,135 1917
Frank D. Stout Schooner 1,226 1917
John W. Wells Schooner 2,527 1918
Thistle Schooner 1,586 1918
Colindo Cargo Ship, for USSB 2,583 1919
Issaquena Cargo Ship, for USSB 2,583 1918
Fort Sheridan Cargo Ship, for USSB
Fort Shaw Cargo Ship, for USSB

McCormick Steamship Company

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The McCormick Steamship Company, McCormick Lines, was organized in 1921, and by 1925 this corporation had 71 ships operating between 23 ports on the Pacific Coast. The ships had lumber cargo and Passenger Service. Became a part of the Pope & Talbot line in 1938.

 
Wapama a steam schooner built in 1915
  • Wapama 1915 steam schooner[13]
  • Forbes Hauptmann, built in 1919 by Ames, was Western Ally, hit a mine and sank in 1944[14][15]
  • Francis H. Leggett
  • SS Charles R. McCormick, Built in 1920 by Standifer, of Vancouver WA

1919 Ports: San Diego, Los Angeles (San Pedro), San Francisco, Portland, Hoquiam, Aberdeen, and Seattle

McCormick Steamship Company Ships in 1919:[16]

  • Klamath
  • Celilo
  • Willamette
  • Multnomah
  • Wapama

Ships 1927, ports: Los Angeles, San Francisco, Portland[17]

  • Rose City
  • Newport

In 1927 McCormick Steamship Company purchased the Pacific Argentine Brazil Line. Pacific Argentine Brazil Line Routes: Seattle, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Bahia Blanca, Montevideo, Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Santos, Bahia, and Puerto Colombia.[18] President Hayes (1920) (was Creole State) and President Harrison (was Wolverine State), Design 1095 ships[19]

1927 Ships:

  • Edna
  • Newport
  • W.R. Chamberlin Jr.
  • Wallingford
  • Indiana Harbor
  • Silverado
  • Willamette
  • Alvarado
  • Wapama
  • Sudbury
  • Mystic
  • Munsomo
  • Chas. R. McCormick
  • Munaires
  • Ipswich

Ships 1940, ports: Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Balboa, Cristobal, Norfolk, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, San Juan[18]

  • Hollywood
  • West Cactus
  • West Camargo
  • West Ira
  • West Ivis
  • West Mahwah
  • West Nilus
  • West Notus, sunk by U-404 May 1942[20]

World War II

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McCormick Steamship Company's fleet of ships were used to help the World War II effort. During World War II, McCormick Steamship Company operated Merchant navy ships for the United States Shipping Board. During World War II McCormick Steamship Company was active with charter shipping with the Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration. McCormick Steamship Company operated Liberty ships and Victory ships for the merchant navy. The ship was run by its McCormick Steamship Company crew and the US Navy supplied United States Navy Armed Guards to man the deck guns and radio.[21][22][23]

World War II ships

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Liberty ships operated:

  • William Ellery[24]
  • F. Marion Crawford[25]
  • Elihu Yale, on Feb. 15, 1944 was it by glider bomb and exploded off Anzio, while unloading ammunition[26]
  • Elinor Wylie, on Oct. 6, 1944 hit mine off Southern France, was towed to Toulon[26]
  • Robert J. Walker, on Dec. 25, 1944 was torpedoed and sank by U-862 off Sydney[27]
  • Russell H. Chittenden, on March 13, 1945, ran ashore and wrecked off New Guinea[27]
  • James Russell Lowell on Oct. 15, 1943 was torpedoed and damaged by U-371 off Algeria, beached Philippeville[28]
  • James W. Marshall on Sept. 15, 1943 was damaged by guided bomb off Salerno, towed to UK later on June 8, 1944. Sunk as part of Gooseberry Harbor blockship off Normandy beachhead. Later destroyed by storms.[28]
  • James W. Nesmith on April 7, 1945, was torpedoed and damaged by U-1024 in Irish Sea, beached at Holyhead, towed to Liverpool but was a lose. June 3, 1946 was towed to Bremerhaven, loaded with cargo of obsolete ammunition, towed to sea and scuttled[28]
  • Lydia M. Child, on April 27, 1943, was torpedoed and sunk by Japanese submarine I-178 off Australia[29]
  • Fitz-John Porter, on March 1, 1943, was torpedoed and sunk by U-518 off Brazil[25]
 
A Victory ship of World War II
 
Liberty ship of World War II

Victory ships operated:

  • St. Cloud Victory[30]
  • Twin Falls Victory[31]
  • Warwick Victory[31]
  • Beloit Victory[32]
  • Maryville Victory[33]
  • Duke Victory[34]
  • Clark Victory[35]
  • Netherlands Victory[36]
  • Hope Victory[37]
  • Joplin Victory[37]
  • Lawrence Victory[38]
  • Linfield Victory[38]
    • War loses:
  • Absaroka Dec. 24, 1941 torpedoed, but repaired
  • West Ira June 20, 1942 torpedoed
  • West Ivis Jan. 26, 1942 torpedoed
  • West Notus June 1, 1942 shelled by submarine
  • West Portal Feb. 5, 1943 torpedoed
  • Elihu Yale Feb. 15, 1944 struck by aerial glider bomb
  • Fitz John Porter March 1, 1943 torpedoed
  • Starr King Feb. 10, 1943 torpedoed

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Rayonier History - Charles R. McCormick Lumber Company". landing.rayonier.com.
  2. ^ a b Edwin T Coman and Helen M Gibbs (1978)Time, Tide and Timber: over a Century of Pope & Talbot
  3. ^ E.S. Golding (2021)"The Locomotives of Rayonier" p.64
  4. ^ E.S. Golding (2019) Port Townsend & Southern under Charles R McCormick Lumber Company
  5. ^ E.S. Golding (2021) "The Locomotives of Rayonier" p.66
  6. ^ National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings: commerce and industry, By United States. National Park Service, page 153
  7. ^ steamlocomotive.com, Charles R McCormick Lumber Company 2-8-2 "Mikado" Locomotives
  8. ^ St. Helens Mist, March 25, 1921
  9. ^ St. Helens Mist, April 02, 1920
  10. ^ United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation: Hearings Before the United States Congress and Senate for the Committee on Commerce. 1918
  11. ^ Wapama steam schooner
  12. ^ St. Helens Shipbuilding Company
  13. ^ "EmpireU". www.mariners-l.co.uk.
  14. ^ Forbes Hauptmann
  15. ^ Finch, E. "WWI Standard Ships War C". www.mariners-l.co.uk.
  16. ^ "McCormick Line – McCormick Steamship Co. – Chas. R. McCormick & Co". www.timetableimages.com.
  17. ^ "Maritime Timetable Images – Archives". www.timetableimages.com.
  18. ^ a b "Pacific Argentine Brazil Line – Pope & Talbot Lines". www.timetableimages.com.
  19. ^ Pacific Marine Review, February 1923, pp=90–91
  20. ^ West Notus
  21. ^ "Sea Lane Vigilantes". www.armed-guard.com.
  22. ^ World War II U.S. Navy Armed Guard and World War II U.S. Merchant Marine, 2007–2014 Project Liberty Ship, Project Liberty Ship, P.O. Box 25846 Highlandtown Station, Baltimore, MD [1]
  23. ^ "Steamship Company Operators of American Flag Ships during World War II". www.usmm.org.
  24. ^ "LibShipsW". www.mariners-l.co.uk.
  25. ^ a b "LibShipsF". www.mariners-l.co.uk.
  26. ^ a b "LibShipsE". www.mariners-l.co.uk.
  27. ^ a b "LibShipsR". www.mariners-l.co.uk.
  28. ^ a b c "LibShipsJ". www.mariners-l.co.uk.
  29. ^ "LibShipsL". www.mariners-l.co.uk.
  30. ^ "vicshipS". www.mariners-l.co.uk.
  31. ^ a b "vicshipsT". www.mariners-l.co.uk.
  32. ^ "vicshipsB". www.mariners-l.co.uk.
  33. ^ "vicshipsM". www.mariners-l.co.uk.
  34. ^ "World War 2 Victory Ships – D – E". www.mariners-l.co.uk.
  35. ^ "vicshipsC". www.mariners-l.co.uk.
  36. ^ "vicshipsN". www.mariners-l.co.uk.
  37. ^ a b "vicshipsH". www.mariners-l.co.uk.
  38. ^ a b "vicshipsK". www.mariners-l.co.uk.
 
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