Charles Miller (June 15, 1843 – December 21, 1927) was a Pennsylvania businessman, philanthropist and Major General of the Pennsylvania Army National Guard. He commanded the organization now known as the 28th Infantry Division and was a founder of the Galena-Signal Oil Company, which later became part of the Standard Oil combine, and then part of the corporations now known as Texaco and Valvoline.
Charles Miller | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Miller in 1899 | |
| Born | June 15, 1843 Oberhoffen-sur-Moder, Alsace, France |
| Died | December 21, 1927 (aged 84) Franklin, Pennsylvania, US |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Service |  United States Army New York Army National Guard Pennsylvania Army National Guard |
| Years of service | 1861–1865 1880–1906 |
| Rank |  Major general |
| Commands | 2nd Brigade, Pennsylvania National Guard Division Pennsylvania National Guard Division |
| Battles / wars | American Civil War |
| Awards |  French Legion of Honor (Chevalier). |
| Relations | Joseph C. Sibley (Brother in law) |
| Other work | Businessman |
Early life
editCharles Miller was born in Oberhoffen-sur-Moder, Alsace, France on June 15, 1843. His family emigrated to the United States in 1855, settling in Boston, New York. Miller began a business career by clerking in stores and working as a sewing machine salesman.[1][2]
In 1861 he joined the New York National Guard's Company A, 74th Infantry Regiment. The unit performed guard duty along the border with Canada in Pennsylvania and New York to deter Confederate raids from the north (as happened during the St. Albans Raid). He served until the end of the Civil War, and turned down an Army commission despite having performed well on the competitive examination. Afterwards Miller remained active in the Grand Army of the Republic.[3][4]
Business career
editRecognizing the potential of the fledgling oil industry, in the late 1860s Miller moved to Franklin, Pennsylvania, and organized the Galena Oil Company in partnership with his brother in law Joseph C. Sibley. This venture, which eventually became the Galena-Signal Oil Company, played a key role in replacing animal-fat based lubricants in business and industry, and grew to become the primary supplier of lubricating oil to the railroad industry. He served as the company president until 1919. Galena-Signal eventually became a Standard Oil subsidiary, and then part of the conglomerates now known as Texaco (1928) and Valvoline (1931).[5][6][7]
In addition to the oil business, Miller expanded his interests to include founding the Jamestown, Franklin and Clearfield Railroad, a subsidiary of the New York Central Railroad, of which he served as president. He was also president of other railroads, president and chairman of the board of directors for American Steel Foundries, and owned several Franklin businesses, including a bank, newspaper, a machine shop, and several farms.[8][9][10][11][12]
In 1919 Miller left Galena-Signal and became chairman of the board of the Home Oil Refining Company of Texas.[13][14]
Political career
editOriginally a Republican, Miller served as Mayor of Franklin in 1885 and 1886. He later advocated temperance and became a member of the Prohibition Party.[15][16]
Miller also served in appointive offices, including member of the board of trustees of the Pennsylvania Soldiers' and Sailors' Home.[17]
Philanthropy
editMiller made charitable contributions throughout his hometown. He operated a night school at his own expense to enable Franklin residents to finish high school or receive training in business skills, and also made substantial donations to the local Baptist church, of which he was a founder, the YMCA, and the local library.[18]
In addition, Miller served as a trustee of Bucknell University, where he endowed a fellowship.[19]
Military career
editIn 1880 Miller returned to military service as ordnance officer of the Pennsylvania National Guard's 2nd Brigade with the rank of major, where he served under commander James A. Beaver. He continued to serve on the brigade staff until 1898, when he was selected to command the brigade and promoted to brigadier general.[20][21][22]
In 1900 Miller was appointed commander of the organization now known as the 28th Infantry Division and promoted to major general. He served as commander until retiring from the military in 1906.[23]
Awards and honors
editMiller received an honorary Master of Arts degree from Bucknell University in 1896.[24]
To recognize Miller's contributions to business and industry, in 1901 the government of France awarded him the Legion of Honor (Chevalier).[25]
Death and burial
editMiller remained active in his business and charitable interests almost until his death. He suffered a stroke in December, 1927 and remained in a coma for several days until his death on December 20.[26] He was buried at Franklin Cemetery in Franklin.[27]
Family
editIn 1863 Miller married Ann Adelaide Sibley (1846–1914), the sister of Joseph C. Sibley. Their children included Adelaide Sibley Miller; Clarence A. Miller; Charles Joseph Sibley Miller; Henry S. Miller; Leroy S. Miller; Julius French Miller and Metta Evalina Miller.[28] Charles Miller and his first wife later divorced, and in 1905 he married Emma Bulen.[29] In 1910, the marital discord between Miller and his second wife was the subject of national headlines.[30][31] Charles and Emma Miller later reconciled.[32] The second Mrs. Miller died in Chicago in 1928.[33]
References
edit- ^ H. H. Smith, The World To-day, Men who are Doing Things: Soldier, Millionaire and Philanthropist, Volume 16, 1909, page 440
- ^ Venango Citizen Press, General Charles Miller Dead at 84, December 21, 1927, retrieved from Venango County History Project at PAGenWeb, June 21, 2014
- ^ Charles Miller, The Creation of a Selling Organization, lecture for the Alexander Hamilton Institute, 1914, page 3
- ^ Alfred Russell Crum, A. S. Dungan, Romance of American Petroleum and Gas, Volume 1, 1911, pages 267-268
- ^ The Derrick's Hand-Book of Petroleum, Men who have made History: Charles Miller and Jos. C. Sibley, Volume 1, 1898, page 993
- ^ John A. Jakle, Keith A. Sculle, The Gas Station in America, 2002, page 114
- ^ Charles E. Williams, Western Pennsylvania's Oil Heritage, 2008, page 105
- ^ Pennsylvania Bureau of Industrial Statistics, Annual Report of the Secretary, Part 4, 1916, page 128
- ^ The Foundry magazine, General Industrial Notes, 1904, page 151
- ^ The Economist, American Steel Foundries, Volume 68, 1922, page 93
- ^ The Finance Company of Pittsburgh, Banks and Bankers of the Keystone State, 1905, page 174
- ^ John Woolf Jordan, Genealogical and Personal History of the Allegheny Valley, Volume 2, 1913, page 514
- ^ Railway Signaling and Communications, The News of the Month, Volume 12, June 1919, page 222
- ^ Railway Age and Railway Review, General Miller Heads New Oil Company, Volume 66, Issue 2, May 16, 1919, page 1234
- ^ Charles Almanzo Babcock, Venango County, Pennsylvania: Her Pioneers and People, 1919, page 320
- ^ Brown, Runk and Company (Chicago), History of Venango County, Pennsylvania, 1890, page 792
- ^ Brown, Runk and Company (Chicago), History of Venango County, Pennsylvania, 1890, page 791
- ^ Charles A. Babcock, author, J. H. Beers and Company (Chicago), publisher, Venango County, Pennsylvania: Her Pioneers and People, Volume 1, 1919, pages 409-410
- ^ University of Chicago, University of Chicago Information Circular, 1917, page 43
- ^ American Locomotive Engineers magazine, Erie Railroad edition, Officers of B. of L. E: Charles Miller, Franklin, Pennsylvania, 1899, pages 121-122
- ^ Philadelphia Times, Philadelphia Times Almanac: National Guard of Pennsylvania; 2nd Brigade Staff, 1897, page 24
- ^ Secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Papers of the Governors, 1898, page 366
- ^ Charles Miller, Alexander Hamilton Institute, The Creation of a selling organization, 1915, page 3
- ^ Bucknell University, L'Agenda: Yearbook of Bucknell University Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, Volume 10, 1902, page 5
- ^ The Country Gentleman, Prospect Hill Stock Farm, January 31, 1901, page 92
- ^ Titusville News-Herald, General Miller Dead at his Home, Aged 84, December 20, 1927
- ^ Charles Miller at Find a Grave
- ^ John Woolf Jordan, Genealogical and Personal History of the Allegheny Valley, Volume 2, 1913, page 516
- ^ Greenville Record-Argus, Gen. Charles Miller, of Franklin, and Mrs. Emma Zuva Bulen, of New York, Were Married at the Hotel Manhattan, New York City, Last Week, September 6, 1905
- ^ Pittsburgh Press, Gen. Miller’s Wife Almost a Prisoner: Wife of General, Guarded by Attorney and Detectives, Tries to Evade Serving of Summons in Divorce Suit, January 14, 1910
- ^ Pittsburgh Press, Millionaire Again is Enveloped by Domestic Tangles, February 6, 1910
- ^ Historic Oregon Newspapers, Plain Text, Sermon on Gossip Sent to Gossips: General Miller Sends Out 5000 Pamphlets, August 22, 1910
- ^ Titusville News-Herald, Death Notice, Mrs. Emma Bulen Miller, September 4, 1928