Cherax, commonly known as yabby/yabbies in Australia, is the most widespread genus of fully aquatic crayfish in the Southern Hemisphere. Various species of cherax may be found in both still and flowing bodies of freshwater across most of Australia and New Guinea. Together with Euastacus, it is also the largest crayfish genus in the Southern Hemisphere.
| Cherax | |
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| Cherax destructor | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
| Family: | Parastacidae |
| Genus: | Cherax Erichson, 1846 |
| Type species | |
| Astacus preissii Erichson, 1846
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Habitat
editMembers of the cherax genus can be found in lakes, rivers, and streams across most of Australia and New Guinea.[1]
The most common and widely distributed species in Australia is the common yabby (C. destructor). It is generally found in lowland rivers and streams, lakes, swamps, and impoundments at low to medium altitude, largely within the Murray–Darling Basin. Common yabbies are found in many ephemeral waterways, and can survive dry conditions for long periods of time (at least several years) by aestivating (lying dormant) in burrows sunk deep into muddy creek and swamp beds.
In New Guinea, Cherax crayfish are found widely in rivers, streams, and lakes, with a particularly high diversity in the Paniai Lakes.[2] New Guinea is also home to the only known cave-living crayfish in the Southern Hemisphere, C. acherontis.[3]
Introduced
editSome species are very colourful and sometimes seen in the freshwater aquarium trade.[4]
Reproduction
editThe mating season for Cherax is during early spring. After fertilisation, eggs develop inside the mother's body for 4 to 6 weeks. After that period, the eggs transition to the outside of the mother's body and rest on the female's tail. Then the eggs continue to develop and hatch in spring.[5]
Both sexes of Cherax are selective with copulation partners. Females tend to choose males with a larger central mass (abdomen and tail) and cheliped. Males tend to select copulation partners who have larger body sizes and are virgins. Opposed to females who were more dominant or had symmetrical chelipeds.[6]
As part of a mating/copulation ritual, males and females fight each other. This allows the female to test the strength of the male to determine if they will produce viable offspring.[7] During the fight, both release urine. The female's release of urine triggers a sexual response from the male.[7] The male's release of urine is an aggressive response towards the fight with the female. When the male smells the female's urine, it will stop releasing its own, hoping the female will allow them to copulate.[citation needed]
Once the female allows it, the male will position itself on its back, and deposit its sperm.[8] Unlike other crayfish species, the Cherax dispar does not use its cheliped to cage females during copulation. It is mainly used during mating when the males and females fight.
Behaviour
editIn instances when displaying males have chelae of a similar size, they will engage in combat and those with the greater chelae closing force will win.[9]
Female C. dispar uses honest signalling of strength, meaning the size of their chelae is a good indication to other C. dispar about that individual's strength.[9] Individuals possessing larger chelae engage in more agonistic encounters and are also more likely to win.[9] In a study of female C. dispar chelae strength, researchers found that chelae size also indirectly indicated the dominance of the female because of its honest indication of strength.[9]
Species
edit
The genus contains at least 59 species:[10][11]
- Cherax acherontis Patoka, Bláha & Kouba, 2017[3]
- Cherax albertisii Nobili, 1899
- Cherax albidus Clarke, 1936
- Cherax alyciae Lukhaup, Eprilurahman & von Rintelen, 2018
- Cherax aruanus Roux, 1911
- Cherax austini Coughran & Hobson, 2012
- Cherax barretti Clark, 1941
- Cherax bicarinatus (Gray, 1845)
- Cherax boesemani Lukhaup & Pekny, 2008
- Cherax boschmai Holthuis, 1949
- Cherax buitendijkae Holthuis, 1949
- Cherax cainii Austin, 2002
- Cherax cairnsensis Riek, 1969
- Cherax cartalacoolah Short, 1993
- Cherax cid Coughran & Furse, 2012
- Cherax communis Holthuis, 1949
- Cherax crassimanus Riek, 1967
- Cherax cuspidatus Riek, 1969
- Cherax davisi Clark, 1941
- Cherax depressus Riek, 1951
- Cherax destructor Clark, 1936
- Cherax dispar Riek, 1951
- Cherax esculus Riek, 1956
- Cherax gherardii Patoka, Bláha & Kouba, 2015[12][13]
- Cherax glaber Riek, 1967
- Cherax glabrimanus Riek, 1967
- Cherax gladstonensis Riek, 1969
- Cherax holthuisi Lukhaup & Pekny, 2006
- Cherax leckii Coughran, 2005
- Cherax longipes Holthuis, 1949
- Cherax lorentzi Roux, 1911
- Cherax minor Holthuis, 1996
- Cherax misolicus Holthuis, 1949
- Cherax monticola Holthuis, 1950
- Cherax murido Holthuis, 1949
- Cherax neocarinatus Riek, 1967
- Cherax neopunctatus Riek, 1969
- Cherax nucifraga Short, 1991
- Cherax pallidus Holthuis, 1949
- Cherax paniaicus Holthuis, 1949
- Cherax papuanus Holthuis, 1949
- Cherax parvus Short & Davie, 1993
- Cherax peknyi Lukhaup & Herbert, 2008
- Cherax plebejus (Hess, 1865)
- Cherax preissii (Erichson, 1846) syn. Cherax angustus McCulloch, 1914
- Cherax pulcher Lukhaup, 2015[4]
- Cherax punctatus Clark, 1936
- Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868)
- Cherax quinquecarinatus (Gray, 1845)
- Cherax rhynchotus Riek, 1951
- Cherax robustus Riek, 1951
- Cherax rotundus Clark, 1941
- Cherax setosus (Riek, 1951)
- Cherax snowden Lukhaup, Panteleit & Schrimpf, 2015[14] syn. Cherax subterigneus[13]
- Cherax solus Holthuis, 1949
- Cherax tenuimanus (Smith, 1912)
- Cherax urospinosus Riek, 1969
- Cherax wagenknechtae Eprilurahman / Lukhaup, 2022
- Cherax wasselli Riek, 1969
- Cherax woworae Patoka, Akmal, Bláha & Kouba, 2023
References
edit- ^ Munasinghe, D. H. N.; Burridge, C. P. & Austin, C. M. (2004). "The systematics of freshwater crayfish of the genus Cherax Erichson (Decapoda: Parastacidae) in eastern Australia re-examined using nucleotide sequences from 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes" (PDF). Invertebrate Systematics. 18 (2): 215–225. doi:10.1071/IS03012 – via ResearchGate.
- ^ Polhemus, Dan A.; Englund, Ronald A. & Allen, Gerald R. (2004). Freshwater Biotas of New Guinea and Nearby Islands: Analysis of Endemism (PDF) (Report). Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Conservation International.
- ^ a b Patoka, Jiří; Bláha, Martin; Kouba, Antonín (2017). "Cherax acherontis (Decapoda: Parastacidae), the first cave crayfish from the Southern Hemisphere (Papua Province, Indonesia)". Zootaxa. 4363 (1): 137–144. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.7. PMID 29245414.
- ^ a b Blaszczak-Boxe, Agata (13 May 2015). "Mysterious beautiful blue crayfish is new species from Indonesia". New Scientist. No. 3021. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
- ^ "Crayfish". www.dept.psu.edu. Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
- ^ Aquiloni, L. & Gherardi, F. (2008). "Mutual mate choice in crayfish: Large body size is selected by both sexes, virginity by males only". Journal of Zoology. 274 (2): 171–179. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00370.x. hdl:2158/252681. S2CID 84513148.
- ^ a b Berry, Fiona C. & Breithaupt, Thomas (2010). "To signal or not to signal? Chemical communication by urine-borne signals mirrors sexual conflict in crayfish". BMC Biology. 8 (1): 25. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-8-25. PMC 2867775. PMID 20353555.
- ^ Barki, Assaf & Karplus, Ilan (1999). "Mating Behavior and a Behavioral Assay for Female Receptivity in the Red-claw Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 19 (3): 493–497. doi:10.2307/1549258. JSTOR 1549258.
- ^ a b c d Bywater, C. L.; Angilletta, M. J. & Wilson, R. S. (2008). "Weapon Size Is a Reliable Indicator of Strength and Social Dominance in Female Slender Crayfish (Cherax dispar)". Functional Ecology. 22 (2): 311–316. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01379.x.
- ^ Fetzner, James W. Jr. (11 January 2010). "Genus Cherax Erichson, 1846". Crayfish Taxon Browser. Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
- ^ "Cherax". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ^ Patoka, Jiří; Bláha, Martin & Kouba, Antonín (2015). "Cherax (Astaconephrops) gherardii, a new crayfish (Decapoda: Parastacidae) from West Papua, Indonesia". Zootaxa. 3964 (5): 526–536. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3964.5.2. PMID 26249463.
- ^ a b Patoka, Jiří; Bláha, Martin & Kouba, Antonín (2015). "Cherax (Cherax) subterigneus, a new crayfish (Decapoda: Parastacidae) from West Papua, Indonesia". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 35 (6): 830–838. doi:10.1163/1937240x-00002377.
- ^ Dockterman, Eliana (25 August 2015). "New species of crayfish named after Edward Snowden". Time. Retrieved 25 August 2015.