Chester Scott Keefer (1897–1972) was an American physician. He served as "penicillin czar" during World War II, responsible for managing distribution and allocation of the then-new drug for civilian uses in the United States, and was dean of the Boston University School of Medicine.
Chester Keefer | |
|---|---|
| Personal details | |
| Born | Chester Scott Keefer 1897 Altoona, Pennsylvania |
| Died | February 3, 1972 Brookline, Massachusetts |
| Spouse(s) | Jean Balfour, Dorothy Campbell |
| Children | Ishbel McGill Keefer Lyle |
| Parent(s) | John Henry Keefer, Jessie G. Scott |
| Residences | |
| Alma mater | Bucknell University Johns Hopkins School of Medicine |
| Profession | Physician |
Early life and education
editChester Keefer was born in Altoona, Pennsylvania, in 1897, to John Henry Keefer and Jessie G. Scott.[1] He received a bachelor's degree from Bucknell University in 1918,[2] and graduated from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 1922.[3] He was married to Jean Balfour and later to Dorothy Campbell, and had a daughter, Ishbel (Keefer) Lyle.
Career
editKeefer taught at Johns Hopkins, the University of Chicago, and Peking Union Medical College (then spelled Peiping Union Medical College) in Beijing, China, before spending 10 years at Harvard University's Thorndike Memorial Laboratory, at Boston City Hospital.[4] In 1940, he took a position at the Boston University School of Medicine, where he spent the remainder of his career and where he worked to develop the research capacity and reputation of the Evans Memorial Department of Clinical Research.[5]
In July 1943, facing shortages of the newly developed antibiotic penicillin, the U.S. War Production Board put Dr. Keefer in charge of domestic supplies and distribution of the drug, which was reserved primarily for military use. For eight months he served as "penicillin czar", responsible for rationing civilian use and monitoring clinical reports in order to compile a fuller picture of the uses and limitations of the new drug.[6][7] In this role, he personally reviewed all potential civilian cases, making the determination of which individuals would receive the drug and which would not. In 1944, as a specialist in chemotherapy, he was one of 19 physicians named as civilian consultants to the office of the U.S. Surgeon General.[8] In his position at Boston University, he also played a major role in Isaac Asimov's development as one of America's most eminent science writers – by firing him from his teaching role at the BU School of Medicine. Because Asimov had tenure, he retained his title of Associate Professor.[9]
After the war, Keefer served as assistant for health and medical affairs to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare during the presidential administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower.[4] He was Dean of Boston University School of Medicine from 1955-1960, and the school named the Chester Scott Keefer Auditorium in his honor in 1971.[10]
Professional associations and later life
editChester Keefer contributed to the medical literature as author or co-author of 117 articles in professional journals,[11] and was an active member of professional associations, serving as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1943,[12] a member of the American Philosophical Society since 1951,[13] president of the American College of Physicians in 1960-61,[14] and of the American Clinical and Climatological Association in 1963-64.[15]
He died in February, 1972, at the age of 74.[4]
References
edit- ^ Greenawalt. "Family Group". Archived from the original on 2015-04-04. Retrieved 2015-04-01.
- ^ Annual Report of the President of the Johns Hopkins University. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University. 1922. p. 140.
- ^ "Medical Education". Journal of the American Medical Association. 79 (20): 1710. 1922-11-11. doi:10.1001/jama.1922.02640200059031.
- ^ a b c "OBITUARIES: Dr. Chester S. Keefer; was BU Med School dean". Boston Globe. 1972-02-04.
- ^ "Chester Scott Keefer, M.D., D.Sc. (1897-1972)". Archived from the original on 2015-03-06. Retrieved 2015-04-01.
- ^ Marks, Harry V. (1997). The Progress of Experiment: Science and Therapeutic Reform in the United States, 1900-1990. Cambridge University Press. p. 106. ISBN 0521581427.
- ^ American Chemical Society International Historic Chemical Landmarks. "Discovery and Development of Penicillin". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 2015-04-01.
- ^ "4 Boston Medicos Named Aids to Surgeon General". Boston Globe. 1944-06-06.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1980). In Joy Still Felt. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 88–133. ISBN 9780385155441.
- ^ "BU Medical names hall for Dr. Keefer". Boston Globe. 1971-11-30.
- ^ "Author search, Keefer CS". PubMed. Retrieved 2015-04-02.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Chester Scott Keefer". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
- ^ "ACP: Presidents". American College of Physicians. Retrieved 2015-04-02.
- ^ Wainwright, Charles W. (1973). "Memorial: Chester Scott Keefer, M.D." Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association. 84: Suppl:33–5. PMC 2441293. PMID 4580830.
Asimov, Isaac.In Joy Still Felt, Avon, 1980. pp. 88–133.