The Chief Agricultural Negotiator is an ambassador of the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) responsible for conducting and overseeing international negotiations related to trade in agricultural products.[1] The Chief Agricultural Negotiator is compensated at the rate payable for Level III of the Executive Schedule.[2]
| Chief Agricultural Negotiator of Office of the United States Trade Representative | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Ambassador |
| Nominator | President of the United States |
| Formation | 1934 |
| Salary | Level III of the Executive Schedule |
Predecessor positions
editThe position has its origins in the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934, which stipulated that the Secretary of Agriculture must be consulted when the Department of State conducted negotiations on agricultural trade. At that time the head of Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) of the United States Department of Agriculture, Leslie A. Wheeler, began to lead agricultural negotiations.[3] His successors as heads of the Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations and the Foreign Agricultural Service continued this work until creation of the Office of the United States Trade Representative in 1962.
Initially, USTR's agricultural negotiations were closely coordinated with the Administrator of the Foreign Agricultural Service, and in fact during the Kennedy Round of GATT negotiations FAS Administrator Raymond A. Ioanes served as the principal agricultural negotiator.[4] By the late 1970s, however, such matters were handled by an Assistant United States Trade Representative for Agricultural Affairs and Commodity Policy who, after 1978, was a career member of the Senior Executive Service. Over time, this position evolved into a politically appointed "Special Trade Negotiator for Agricultural and Food Policy" who did not hold ambassadorial rank.[2]
During negotiation of the Uruguay Round of GATT talks that led ultimately to creation of the World Trade Organization, Charles J. O'Mara, a Senior Foreign Service officer of the Foreign Agricultural Service, was appointed Counsel for International Affairs to the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture and Special Trade Negotiator for Agriculture. According to Congressional testimony,
In January 1990, U.S. Trade Representative Carla Hills and former Secretary of Agriculture Clayton Yeutter appointed Mr. O'Mara as their negotiator for agriculture in the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations. In August 1991, he was named Special Trade Negotiator in the Department's International Affairs and Commodity Programs Office, where he has maintained his responsibilities for the Uruguay Round and spearheaded negotiations on agriculture in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).[5]
Though not employed by USTR, O'Mara thus effectively functioned as USTR's lead agricultural negotiator from 1990 until conclusion of the Uruguay Round.[6]
Officeholders
editIn 1997, Peter L. Scher was nominated and confirmed to the rank of ambassador while serving as Special Trade Negotiator for Agriculture, the first time the position was elevated to that status.[7][8][9] The Chief Agricultural Negotiator ambassadorship was formally created by the Trade and Development Act of 2000 while Scher was in the position, making him the first to bear the title.[1] However, according to Senate records, the first formal nominee to the new ambassadorship was Scher's successor, Gregory M. Frazier, who was nominated to it October 19, 2000.[10] Frazier was not confirmed by the Senate and was elevated to the ambassadorship from his position as Special Negotiator for Agriculture and Food Policy in a recess appointment on December 21, 2000.[11] He was succeeded in turn by Allen F. Johnson and Dr. Richard T. Crowder.[12][13] In March 2008, President George W. Bush nominated A. Ellen Terpstra to the post, but she was not confirmed.[14][15]
Islam A. Siddiqui was given a recess appointment in March 2010, and confirmed by the Senate on October 20, 2011.[16][17][18] Dr. Siddiqui submitted his resignation December 12, 2013.[19]
On December 17, 2013, President Barack Obama nominated Darci Vetter to succeed Dr. Siddiqui. She was confirmed to that position by voice vote on July 9, 2014.[20][21] A Democrat, Vetter resigned from the position with the change of presidential administrations on January 20, 2017.
The U.S. Senate confirmed Gregg Doud to succeed Darci Vetter on March 1, 2018.[22][23] He served until the end of the Trump administration.
In 2022, President Joe Biden nominated Doug McKalip to the position, after his 2021 nomination of Elaine Trevino was withdrawn.[24][25] McKalip was confirmed by the Senate in December 2022,[24] and he was sworn in on January 9, 2023.[26]
References
edit- ^ a b "History of the United States Trade Representative".
- ^ a b "Plum Book". Archived from the original on 2010-05-27.
- ^ Leslie A. Wheeler
- ^ "Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Oral Histories". Retrieved 2009-03-23. Use the search engine to retrieve the oral history of Raymond A. Ioanes.
- ^ Agriculture, Rural Development, and Related Agencies appropriations for fiscal year 1994 : hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, first session on H.R. 2493 PART 1 (Pages 1-941). 1993. ISBN 9780160418020. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
- ^ "STATEMENT OF CHARLES J. O'MARA ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN OILSEED COALITION BEFORE THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND FORESTRY ON THE TRADE TITLE OF THE FEDERAL AGRICULTURE IMPROVEMENT AND REFORM ACT OF 1996, APRIL 25, 2001". Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
- ^ "Release No. 0116.97, Statement by Agriculture Secretary Dan Glickman on Selection of Peter L. Scher as Special Trade Ambassador for Agriculture in the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, April 15, 1997". Archived from the original on June 22, 2011. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
- ^ "THE NOMINATION OF PETER SCHER TO BE SPECIAL TRADE AMBASSADOR FOR AGRICULTURE (Senate - September 25, 1997)". Archived from the original on 2019-12-13. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
- ^ "EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF COMMITTEES (Senate - September 24, 1997)". Archived from the original on 2019-12-13. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
- ^ "COMMITTEE BUSINESS SCHEDULED WEEK OF OCTOBER 23, 2000". Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
- ^ "PRESIDENT CLINTON NAMES GREGORY M. FRAZIER AS CHIEF AGRICULTURAL NEGOTIATOR FOR THE U.S. TRADE REPRESENTATIVE". December 21, 2000. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
- ^ "Schwab Praises Chief Agriculture Negotiator Crowder's Service, Announces Appointment of Special Doha Agricultural Envoy". November 25, 2009. Archived from the original on May 15, 2010. Retrieved May 9, 2010.
- ^ "Senate Confirms Allen Johnson as USTR's Chief Agriculture Negotiator". July 20, 2001. Archived from the original on 2011-10-14.
- ^ "Schwab Welcomes Nomination of Ellen Terpstra as Chief Agricultural Negotiator" (PDF). March 26, 2008.
- ^ "Senate Adjourns: Bush nominations die". January 9, 2009. Archived from the original on April 28, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
- ^ "USTR Kirk Welcomes Chief Agricultural Negotiator Isi Siddiqui". March 28, 2010. Archived from the original on May 5, 2010.
- ^ "President Obama Announces Recess Appointments to Key Administration Positions". whitehouse.gov. March 27, 2010 – via National Archives.
- ^ "Baucus Applauds Senate Confirmation of Trade, Treasury Nominees". October 21, 2011.
- ^ "New chief ag negotiator nominated". Feedstuffs. December 18, 2013. Archived from the original on December 21, 2013. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
- ^ "President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts". whitehouse.gov. December 17, 2013 – via National Archives.
- ^ "Vetter and Adams nominations confirmed by voice vote". July 9, 2014. Archived from the original on July 13, 2014.
- ^ "Chief Agricultural Negotiator Gregg Doud". Office of the U.S. Trade Representative. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
- ^ "USTR Robert Lighthizer Swears In Deputy USTR Dennis Shea and Chief Agricultural Negotiator Gregg Doud". 13 March 2018.
- ^ a b "PN2250 — Douglas J. McKalip — Executive Office of the President, 117th Congress (2021-2022)". United States Congress. Retrieved 2022-12-22.
- ^ "PN1245 — Elaine Trevino — Executive Office of the President, 117th Congress (2021-2022)". United States Congress. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
- ^ Overly, Steven [@StevenOverly] (January 9, 2023). "INBOX: Doug McKalip will be sworn in as chief agricultural negotiator tomorrow by U.S. Trade Representative @AmbassadorTai, per her weekly calendar" (Tweet). Retrieved 2023-01-14 – via Twitter.