Chongqi (Chinese: 崇綺, 1829–1900), courtesy name Wenshan (文山), was a Qing dynasty official from the Alut clan[2] (阿魯特氏). He was the father of Empress Xiaozheyi.
Chongqi 崇綺 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Minister of Revenue | |
| In office 16 July – 26 August 1900 Serving with Wang Wenshao | |
| Preceded by | Lishan |
| Succeeded by | Jingxin |
| In office 11 November 1884 – 3 January 1886 Serving with Yan Jingming | |
| Preceded by | Elhebu |
| Succeeded by | Fukun |
| Minister of Personnel | |
| In office 3 January – 16 March 1886 Serving with Xu Tong | |
| Preceded by | Encheng |
| Succeeded by | Xizhen |
| General of Mukden | |
| In office 30 August 1881 – 19 January 1884 | |
| Preceded by | Qiyuan |
| Succeeded by | Qingyu |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1829 |
| Died | August 26, 1900 (aged 70–71) Baoding |
| Spouse(s) | Lady Aisin Gioro (daughter of Duanhua), Lady Aisin Gioro (sister of Fukun), Lady Gūwalgiya |
| Relations | Duanhua (father-in-law), Imperial Noble Consort Gongsu (sister), Empress Xiaozheyi (daughter), Baochu (son), Yixiang (daughter-in-law) |
| Parents |
|
| Education | zhuangyuan degree in the 1865 imperial examination |
| Occupation | politician |
| Clan name | Alut (阿魯特) |
| Courtesy name | Wenshan (文山) |
| Posthumous name | Wenjie (文節) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Qing dynasty |
| Branch/service | Mongolian Plain Blue Banner, later Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner[1] |
| Battles/wars | Taiping Rebellion Second Opium War Boxer Rebellion |
Chongqi was the third son of Saišangga. He started out in official life by purchasing the degree of a licentiate.[3] In 1865, he obtained zhuangyuan degree in the imperial examination and was selected a xiuzhuan (修撰) of the Hanlin Academy. He was the only Mongolian zhuangyuan in the Qing Dynasty, scholar-officials praised him highly. Chongqi had served as Secretary of Cabinet (內閣學士), Vice Minister of Personnel (吏部侍郎), Vice Minister of Revenue (戶部侍郎), deputy lieutenant-general of the Han Chinese Bordered Yellow Banner (鑲黃旗漢軍副都統), lieutenant-general of Rehe (熱河都統), general of Mukden (盛京將軍), Minister of Personnel and other positions.[4]
As an official hostile to Christianity, Chongqi was promoted to the Minister of Revenue by Empress Dowager Cixi during the Boxer Rebellion.[5] He and Xu Tong, submitted a memorial to the court unambiguously demanding the killing of all Chinese Christians and foreigners in China.[6] When Beijing fell to the Eight-Nation Alliance in 1900, Sawara Tokusuke (佐原篤介), a Japanese journalist, wrote in Miscellaneous Notes about the Boxers (拳事雜記) about the rapes of Manchu and Mongol banner girls. Sawara alleged that a daughter and wife of Chongqi were allegedly gang-raped by soldiers of the Eight-Nation Alliance.[7] Chongqi's wife, Lady Gūwalgiya, jumped into a pit and ordered her servants to bury her alive. His son Baochu (葆初), and four grandsons, met the same fate.[4] In the meantime Chongqi fled to Baoding together with Ronglu. After learning of his family's tragic fate, Chongqi committed suicide by hanging.[8]
Family
edit- Father: Saišangga
- Mother: Lady Fuca (富察氏)
- Primary consort, of the Aisin Giolo clan (愛新覺羅氏), daughter of Duanhua, Prince Zheng of the First Rank (和碩鄭親王端華)
- Daughter: Empress Xiaozheyi (孝哲毅皇后), married Tongzhi Emperor
- Second primary consort, of the Aisin Giolo clan (愛新覺羅氏), daughter of Vice Commander-in-chief of Jilin Zaiyao (吉林副都統 載耀), sister of Grand Secretary Fukun (大學士 福錕)
- A daughter, married Yixiang, Prince Hui of the Second Rank (多羅惠郡王奕詳)
- Third primary consort, of the Gūwalgiya clan (瓜爾佳氏, died 1900), daughter of regional commander Changrui (總兵 長瑞)
- Son: Baochu, Junior Assistant Chamberlain of the Imperial Guard (散秩大臣 葆初, died 1900)
References
edit- ^ "(阿魯特)崇綺".
- ^ "Baqi Manzhou shizu tongpu 八旗滿洲氏族通譜".
- ^ Hummel, Arthur W. Sr., ed. (1943). . Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office.
- ^ a b
Works related to 清史稿/卷468 at Wikisource (Draft History of Qing Volume 468)
- ^ "奕劻在义和团运动中的庐山真面目". National Qing History Compilation Committee.
- ^ Clark, Anthony E. (2015). Heaven in Conflict: Franciscans and the Boxer Uprising in Shanxi. University of Washington Press. p. 45. ISBN 9780295805405.
- ^ Tokusuke, Sawara (1973). "Miscellaneous Notes about the Boxers" (Quanshi zaji)". Compiled Materials on the Boxers (Yihetuan wenxian huibian). Dingwen. p. 266–268.
- ^ "庚子劫——八国联军劫掠北京".
